stafne bone defect is a bone depression containing salivary gland or fatty soft tissue on the lingual surface of the mandible. the most common location is within the submandibular gland fossa and often close to the inferior border of the mandible. this defect is asymptomatic and generally discovered only incidentally during radiographic examination of the area. stafne bone defect appears as a w...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a sophisticated protein quality control system for the efficient folding of newly synthesized proteins. In this system, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides displayed on proteins serve as signals recognized by series of intracellular lectins. Glucosidase II catalyzes two-step hydrolysis at α1,3-linked glucose-glucose and glucose-mannose residues of high-mann...

Species identification of scale insects is usually made during the adult female period. However, early nymphal stages are targeted in control these pests. Plum Lecanium, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) an economically important pest stone fruits, almonds, and ornamental Prunus species Turkey as well worldwide. The first–instar, second–instar male female, t...