The bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in developed nations. The abnormal bicuspid morphology of the aortic valve results in valvular dysfunction and subsequent hemodynamic derangements. However, the clinical presentation of bicuspid aortic valve disease remains quite heterogeneous with patients presenting from infancy to late adulthood with variable degrees of ...

Abnormal flow patterns in the aortas of those with bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) are increasingly recognized as important in the pathogenesis of aortic dilatation but pulmonary flow patterns in bicuspid pulmonary valves have not been studied. Bicuspid pulmonary valve disease is rare and a small numbers of case reports describe concomitant pulmonary artery dilation similar to the dilation of the...

Valve repair has emerged as an important intervention for the management of bicuspid aortic valve disease. This systematic review aims to assess the safety, efficacy and durability of bicuspid aortic valve repair. Initial searches yielded 682 abstracts, reduced by de-duplication to 370, of which 56 full papers were accessed and 30 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 163 unique outcomes for bic...

Bicuspid aortic valve is the most prevalent cardiac valvular malformation. It is associated with a high rate of long-term morbidity including development of calcific aortic valve disease, aortic regurgitation and concomitant thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Recently, basic and translational studies have identified some key processes involved in the development of bicuspid aortic valve a...

the maxillary first premolar may present large number of anatomic variations. the clinician should be aware of the configuration of the pulp system. maxillary first premolars usually have two canals. the incidence of three canals in these teeth is quite rare. this case report presents the diagnosis and clinical management of a maxillary first premolar with two distinct canals in the apical thir...

Bicuspid pulmonary valves and pulmonary artery aneurysms are two rare entities, reported in association, and usually attributed to hemodynamic alterations caused by the bicuspid pulmonary valve. We present magnetic resonance images of a patient with a bicuspid pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery aneurysm, and propose an alternative mechanism for this association, based on recent embryologic st...

BACKGROUND   Bicuspid aortic valves predispose to ascending aortic aneurysms, but the mechanisms underlying this aortopathy remain incompletely characterized.  We sought to identify epigenetic pathways predisposing to aneurysm formation in bicuspid patients. METHODS   Ascending aortic aneurysm tissue samples were collected at the time of aortic replacement in subjects with bicuspid and trilea...

BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with valve dysfunction, ascending aortic aneurysm and dissection. Management of the ascending aorta at the time of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in these patients is controversial and has been extrapolated from experience with Marfan syndrome, despite the absence of comparative long-term outcome data. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess whe...

BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in 1% to 2% of the population. It is the most common reason for aortic valve replacement, and such individuals are at significantly increased risk of aortic complications. Despite the clinical significance of bicuspid aortic valve, its genetic basis remains unclear. The homeobox gene NKX2-5 occupies a central posi...

OBJECTIVE Reoperation rates after repair of bicuspid aortic valves are higher than for mitral valve reconstruction. Satisfactory results have been reported for patch augmentation for tricuspid aortic valves. We have applied this technique for the repair of bicuspid aortic valves. METHODS Autologous pericardium is sutured to the free edge of the prolapsing bicuspid leaflet. A large coaptation ...