a number of new concepts have emerged in the last two decades whose proponents claim that if achieved, they would deliver more sustainable urban environments. among them, new urbanism and urban village are the ones with the most theoretical support and practical application. both ideas, however, have been criticized in several grounds. but no study has been carried out to show the effectiveness...

This study examined barriers of sustainable rural development from perspective of experts in Department of Rural Development in Razi University, Institute of Rural Research & Development, and Organization of Rural Cooperatives in Kermanshah (N=42).The sample size was estimated by population census. The main research instrument for data collection was pre-tested questionnaire. Validityof questio...

This article explores the impact of the new sustainability agenda on the occupational and professional needs of those who have undergone educational and training programmes in the environmental field either at the undergraduate or the post-graduate level or through relevant professional institutions’ continuing professional development programmes. It also describes a one-day workshop for the pr...

This study examined barriers of sustainable rural development from perspective of experts in Department of Rural Development in Razi University, Institute of Rural Research & Development, and Organization of Rural Cooperatives in Kermanshah (N=42).The sample size was estimated by population census. The main research instrument for data collection was pre-tested questionnaire. Validityof questio...

Consider a rectangular art gallery divided into n rectangular rooms, such that any two rooms sharing a wall in common have a door connecting them. How many guards need to be stationed in the gallery so as to protect all of the rooms in our gallery? Notice that if a guard is stationed at a door, he will be able to guard two rooms. Our main aim in this paper is to show that Èn/2 ̆ guards are alway...

this study examined barriers of sustainable rural development from perspective of experts in department of rural development in razi university, institute of rural research & development, and organization of rural cooperatives in kermanshah (n=42).the sample size was estimated by population census. the main research instrument for data collection was pre-tested questionnaire. validityof que...

Introduction During this research project, we attempted to identify and overcome barriers and resistance to the establishment of organic waste (leaf and yard waste and food waste) collection and diversion programs within public and private institutions in the region that generate large amounts of organic wastes. As only 2.4% of food waste (EPA 1997) is recovered or recycled, there is 97.6% of f...