To understand the underlying genetic and environmental sources of individual variation in basal cortisol levels, we collected salivary cortisol at awakening and at six fixed time points during the day in adult twins and their singleton siblings. Reported time of awakening was verified with heart rate and body movement recordings. Cortisol data were available for 199 MZ twins, 272 DZ twins and 2...

The accurate indication of saliva collection time is important for defining the diurnal decline in salivary cortisol as well as characterizing the cortisol awakening response. We tested a convenient and novel collection device for collecting saliva on strips of filter paper in a specially constructed booklet for determination of both cortisol and DHEA. In the present study, 31 healthy adults (m...

BACKGROUND Levels of cortisol, the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, display a sharp increase immediately upon awakening, known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The daily stability of the CAR is potentially influenced by a range of methodological factors, including light exposure, participant adherence, sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings, making inferen...

Morning and evening salivary cortisol levels were correlated with sleep parameters in 14 patients with primary insomnia and 15 healthy controls. Salivary cortisol was sampled immediately after awakening (T1), 15 min later (T2), and immediately before going to bed (T3) for 1 week at home. In parallel with this, subjects estimated parameters of sleep in a daily sleep log. Patients and controls we...

OBJECTIVES To determine the awakening arterial blood concentration of desflurane and its relationship with the end-tidal concentration during emergence from various durations of general anesthesia. METHOD In total, 42 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I-II female patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery were enrolled. General anesthesia was maintained with fi...

Though postawakening cortisol is considered to be altered under chronic stress prospective studies proving this assumption is missing, so far. Furthermore, there is some uncertainty which aspects of postawakening cortisol alterations are strongest related to stress. The present study thus analyzed the cortisol concentration at awakening itself (0 min), the cortisol awakening response (CAR; i.e....

A duration is known as a time distance between two point events. This relationship has recently been formalized as the point duration network (PDN) in (Navarrete & Marin 1997). However, only the qualitative information about points and durations was considered. This paper presents an augmented point duration network (APDN) represent both qualitative and quantitative information about point even...

the literature of sufism is a magnificent part of the persian literature which consists of awakening purports and topics about the love of free. but because of the sequestered lives of a great many sufies, this reality is in a state of neglect. in this article , the author has tried to mention this reality that sufism litreture is an awakening litreture and at the same time, has analyzed the es...