Whether antibody-mediated rejection after lung transplantation exists as an entity is debated by immunologists, histopathologists, and clinicians, without a strong consensus regarding diagnostic characteristics despite an increasing body of evidence that attests to a significant role in other solid organ transplant disciplines. Evidence for and against the protean manifestations of antibody-med...

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52 and causes depletion of T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, and NK cells. Alemtuzumab is registered for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is also used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Alemtuzumab is used off-label in kidney transplantation as induction and anti-rejection therapy. The objective of this review is to present ...

Immunosuppressive drugs used in the management of heart and lung transplants have a large monetary and quality of life cost due to their side effects. Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) is one method of minimising the need for or replacing post-operative immunosuppressive drugs. A literature review was conducted on electronic databases using defined search terms. The aim was to establish the indi...

Accurate diagnosis of acute rejection remains a formidable challenge in organ transplantation. The current gold standard diagnostic test for acute rejection is histological examination of the transplanted organ. However, biopsy procedures are invasive and complications occur. Furthermore, sampling errors may bias the histological diagnosis. Not uncommonly, empiric anti-rejection therapy has to ...

Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin is used worldwide to treat and prevent rejection in kidney transplantation. Multiple mechanisms of action of this polyclonal preparation are responsible for its success. Studies have supported clinical benefits of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin in high immunological risk kidney transplant recipients when used as an induction agent at the time of transplant and for...

Acute antibody mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the most important complications after kidney transplantation. Renal graft biopsy is safe and reliable without adverse effects on the patients and transplanted kidneys, which was of great instructive significance in diagnosis and treatment of renal allograft dysfunction after renal transplantation. This paper reported a case series of 106 patien...

INTRODUCTION Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in renal-transplant recipients is generally less responsive to conventional antirejection therapy and has a worse prognosis than acute cellular rejection. AREAS COVERED This review provides a broad understanding of the pathogenesis of AMR, recent advances in its therapy, and future directions. Conventional therapeutic approaches to AMR have...

The blockade of immune suppression against antitumor responses is a particularly attractive strategy when combined with agents that promote tumor-specific CTLs. In this study, we have attempted to further improve the CTL induction and potent antitumor efficacy of a combination mAb-based therapy (termed "trimAb therapy") that comprises tumor cell death-inducing anti-death receptor 5 mAb and immu...

The relationship of borderline infiltrates to acute rejection by Banff criteria in renal allografts of patients receiving only maintenance immunosuppression is not clear. Renal allograft biopsies with borderline lesions that were not treated with additional anti-rejection therapy were retrospectively studied. Sixty-five such biopsies were identified from 50 patients, and their outcome was deter...

Antibody-mediated rejection is well established for renal allografts but remains controversial for lung allografts. Cardinal features of antibody-mediated rejection in renal allografts include antibodies to donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and evidence for antibody action, such as complement activation demonstrated by C4d deposition. We report a lung allograft recipient with circulating anti...