Routine cranial ultrasonography, using the anterior fontanelle as acoustic window enables visualization of the supratentorial brain structures in neonates and young infants. The mastoid fontanelle enables a better view of the infratentorial structures, especially cerebellar hemorrhage in preterm infants. Reports on the usefulness and reliability of cranial ultrasonography using the mastoid font...

Introduction Frontal bone is one of the unpaired bones of the skull. The bone develops in two halves and presents a metopic suture between the two in the fetal life; however, the suture disappears completely before or shortly after birth. Bregma is the meeting point of the sagittal and coronal sutures. It is represented by the anterior median fontanelle in the fetal life. The fontanelle obliter...

Studies comparing sonographic and autopsy findings have shown diagnostic errors in 8-34% of cases of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) [1, 2]. The main reasons cited for these inaccuracies are blood missed in normal-sized ventricles, a very small amount of blood (usually in the occipital horns), or a large normal choroid plexus mistaken for hemorrhage. Because overlooked IVH tends to b...

Six hundred healthy inborn newborns and infants upto the age of 18 months were studied. Cranial sonography was performed by real time 2D scanner with 5 MHz transducer and images were obtained through anterior fontanelle and temporo-squamal suture. Various parameters related to ventricular system were measured for different ages till the fontanelle remained open. These values will prove useful f...

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the most important parameters for evaluating intracranial conditons. The skulls of newborns and infants, unlike the tightly sutured skull of adults, provide non-invasive access for measurement of ICPs via the anterior fontanelle. A new transducer has been developed which is convenient for non-invasive, continuous measurement of intracranial pressure through...

In the recent article(l), authors have diagnosed vitamin A toxicity after measles immunization on the basis of bulging anterior fontanelle within 24 h of intake of 1,00,000 IU of Vitamin A given along with measles vaccine. They have not estimated vitamin A levels or demonstrated any other change of vitamin A toxicity such as liver enzymes, hematological indices or tests for bone changes. Withou...

A six-month old boy from Ragama was admitted with vomiting and a bulging anterior fontanelle for three days. Symptoms started one day after receiving a vitamin A megadose. The child was on food containing carrots, but had no carotenaemia. He had no papilloedema. He had no vomiting after admission to hospital, and the fontanelle settled within 24 hours. Ultrasound scan (USS) of the brain was nor...