PURPOSE: To evaluate the amplitude of the subcoracoid space under maximum internal and external rotations of the humeral head and measure the distance between the apex of the coracoid process and the following anatomical structures: (a) point of entry of the musculocutaneous nerve and its branches into the coracobrachial muscles and into the short head of the biceps brachii muscle; (b) acromial...

OBJECTIVES Aim of the present study was to define the relationship between petrous apex pneumatization and the nearby major anatomical landmarks using temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS This retrospective, Institutional Review Board-approved study analyzed CT images of 84 patients that showed normal findings bilaterally. Pneumatization of the petrous apex was classified us...

Aims Root canal treatment is a procedure that requires, beyond the realm of technique, knowledge of the internal anatomy of the root canal, specifically the anatomical apex. Almost all methodologies studied thus far are destructive, laborious, and time-consuming and allow for only one-dimensional measurements. In the present study, we used micro-CT technology to evaluate the anatomical structur...

Filtered bipolar catheter electodes, I mm apart, were used to pace and record from the high right atrium, right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular inflow tract, middle cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, and endocardium of the left ventricular septal surface. Right ventricular apex to middle cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein to right ventricular apex condu...

BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the precise rocker shoe outsole design that will optimally reduce plantar pressure in people with diabetes. This study aimed to understand how peak plantar pressure is influenced by systematically varying three design features which characterise a curved rocker shoe: apex angle, apex position and rocker angle. METHODS A total of 12 different rocker shoe des...

INTRODUCTION Cholesterol granulomas (CGs) are rare benign cystic lesions containing cholesterol crystals in a gluelike fluid and are frequently found in the petrous apex (PA) and in the nearby anatomical area. The gold standard treatment of PA CG counts on its surgical drainage and ventilation to prevent recurrence. Different surgical approaches have been described in the past to achieve draina...

The effect of mechanical stress on the root apical meristem (RAM) organization of Zea mays was investigated. In the experiment performed, root apices were grown through a narrowing of either circular (variant I) or elliptical (variant II) shape. This caused a mechanical impedance distributed circumferentially or from the opposite sides in variant I and II, respectively. The maximal force exerte...