conclusions the study results demonstrated that preemptive use of dextromethorphan reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption. patients and methods this double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on arthroscopic surgery candidates. participants were randomly allocated to interventions and assigned to two groups of dextromethorphan and placebo. in dextromethorphan group, the pat...

followed by a stepwise progression to stronger centrally acting analgesics [5] . Analgesics can be broadly categorized as: non-opioid, opioid and adjuvant analgesics. Non-opioids may be used in combination with opioids for their opioid-sparing effect, permitting the use of lower doses of opioids [6] . Opioids are primarily used to treat moderate to severe pain that has not responded to non-opio...

Opioid analgesics have been the foundation of human pain management for centuries, and their value in animals has increased since it was proposed that it is the veterinarian's duty to alleviate pain whenever it may occur. Compared with other domesticated species, the horse has benefitted less from the increased understanding of opioid pharmacology in animals, because early literature was overlo...

The aim of prospective study was to evaluate the pain relief in the postoperative period and consumption of opioid and non-opioid analgesics as a risk factor of the anastomotic insufficiency after rectal and rectosigmoideal resection for carcinoma. Anastomotic insufficiency is one of the most feared and life threatening early complications. No articles about the effect of the response to opioid...

BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics have been considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of moderate to severe cancer and postoperative pain. Cultural attitudes and concerns about abuse have inhibited their use for a larger population of patients who have chronic noncancer pain. METHODS Medical literature was searched from 1990 to 1998 using the key words "opioid analgesics," "opioid abuse," a...

PURPOSE The goal of these studies was to determine the relationship between prescribed use of opioid analgesics and their non-medically related use (abuse) at a regional level across the country. METHODS To gather information about prescription drug abuse, we asked 233 drug abuse treatment specialists to provide us Quarterly reports on the number of cases of prescription opioid analgesic abus...

BACKGROUND The use of prescription opioid medications has increased greatly in the United States during the past two decades; in 2010, there were 16,651 opioid-related deaths. In response, hundreds of federal, state, and local interventions have been implemented. We describe trends in the diversion and abuse of prescription opioid analgesics using data through 2013. METHODS We used five progr...