Plant injury has been traced to ammonia derived from organic sources such as urine (9), chicken manure (8), cottonseed meal (12) and animal manure (3). In addition, inorganic sources such as aqua ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, and ammonium salts have been reported injurious to plants when placed too close to the root zone (3, 7). The toxicity of ammonia to animals has been demonstrated by Sumner (...

Currently, energy and environmental efficiency are critical aspects in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In fact, WWTPs are significant energy consumers, especially in the active sludge process (ASP) for the N-ammonia removal. In this paper, we face the challenge of simultaneously improving the economic and environmental performance by using a reinforcement learning approach. This approach i...

8 A regression tree-based diagnostic approach is developed to evaluate factors affecting US 9 wastewater treatment plant compliance with ammonia discharge permit limits. Discharge Monthly 10 Report (DMR) data from a random sample of 106 municipal treatment plants: 5% of the EPA 11 ICIS/ECHO database, for the period of 2004-2008 is used to fit this model. Predictor variable 12 importance is dete...

In 2004,ammonia concentration in raw water of Sitalakhya River at the eastern periphery of Dhaka was found higher than the expected rate of 4 mg/Lforecasted in feasibility studies,with a value of about 8 mg/L, which could not be removed by conventional treatment chain employed at Dhaka, hence, recentlyan ammonia removal plant has been constructed. This important background has ledto the current...

Inorganic nitrogen is commonly found in three different forms: Ammonia (NH4), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3). Ammonia is a principle form of nitrogen found in urban wastewater and runoff especially from pastures and feedlots. According to Kadlec and Knight (1996), ammonia, or ammonium nitrogen, is the preferred nutrient form for most wetland plants because of its importance in plant growth. A...

A Hysys model representing the steady state behaviour of a Haber-Bosch ammonia plant was developed based on a dynamic model and plant data from Norwegian fertiliser company Yara International ASA. The plant model was optimised using matlabs fmincon function with an interior-point method for economical optimisation with the aim to study the performance of different strategies. The Haber-Bosch am...

The acute toxicity of ammonia on Thulinius ruffoi (Bertolani, 1981), a eutardigrade isolated from a small waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Poland, was estimated. Our results show that no active individuals survived a 24 h exposure to solutions equal to or higher than 125 mg/L of total ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N + NH4 (+)-N), which, under the conditions in our experiment, was equivalent to 1.1...

9 ABSTRACT | The development of a thermochemical energy 10 storage system based on ammonia, for use with concentrating 11 solar power is discussed in this paper. This is one of a group of 12 storage options for concentrating solar power, some of which 13 are already operating commercially using molten salts. The 14 ammonia storage development has involved prototype solar 15 receiver/reactors op...

L-Phenylalanine is one of the essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in mammals in adequate amounts to meet the requirements for protein synthesis. Fungi and plants are able to synthesize phenylalanine via the shikimic acid pathway. L-Phenylalanine, derived from the shikimic acid pathway, is used directly for protein synthesis in plants or metabolized through the phenylpropanoid pathw...