INTRODUCTION Analysis of the annual pesticide poisoning statistics of the Tygerberg Poison Information Centre (TPIC) for the period 2005-2007 showed an increase in the number of amitraz poisonings. This prompted a 2-year survey (2008-2009) to establish the extent of amitraz poisoning in South Africa. Amitraz is a pesticide used as a tick dip. It acts as an α(2)-adrenoceptor agonist and the prin...

Acaricide resistance is a major problem that hinders the control of the tropical cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), in many parts of the world where cattle production continues to suffer severe economic losses to tick infestation. Deltamethrin and amitraz have been used alone to control R. microplus in New Caledonia for the past decade, and tick populations have deve...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Amitraz is a member of formamidine family of pesticides. Poisoning from amitraz is underrecognized even in areas where it is widely available. It is frequently misdiagnosed as organophosphate poisoning. This systematic review provides information on the epidemiology, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, diagnosis and management of amitraz poisoning....

Amitraz, a formamidine acaricide, plays an important role in the control of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), and other tick species that infest cattle, dogs, and wild animals. Although resistance to amitraz in B. microplus was previously reported in several countries, the actual measurement of the level of amitraz resistance in ticks has been difÞcult to determine due...

The present study aimed to study the protective effects of honeybee propolis against the amitraz hepatotoxicity in mice. Forty-eight Swiss albino male mice of 8 weeks of age, 22 to 25 g body weight were divided into four groups. The 1 was control, the 2 was treated orally with 150 mg kg propolis extract, the 3 was treated with 160 mg kg amitraz and the 4 one had 160 mg kg amitraz + 150 mg kg pr...

During the period 1993-2003, generalized demodicosis was diagnosed in 517 dogs. Two hundred and sixty-five (51.2%) dogs were cured with amitraz 0.025% solution, 199 (38.5%) were cured after amitraz 0.05% solution was introduced, and in 53 dogs (10.3%) mites were amitraz resistant. Among amitraz-resistent dogs, 48 were introduced to 600 μg kg-1 oral ivermectin protocol, and 45 (89.6%) of this nu...

Amitraz, a formamidine acaricide, plays an important role in the control of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), and other tick species that infest cattle, dogs, and wild animals. Although resistance to amitraz in B. microplus was previously reported in several countries, the actual measurement of the level of amitraz resistance in ticks has been difficult to determine du...

The efficacy of amitraz on cattle ticks was assessed by susceptibility tests, spraying and dipping trials. Tests on the susceptibility of three tick species, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decoloratus to amitraz (technical grade-purity 98.6% w/w) showed all 15 tick strains tested to be highly susceptible, with LC50 ranging between 0.001% and 0.03%, and LC99, be...

Knockdown and persistence efficacies of a pour-on containing Amitraz 1% and Cypermethrin 1% and a spray dip containing 12.5% Amitraz were compared. Knock-down and persistence efficacies of the Amitraz spray dip against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Amblyomma hebraeum were significantly higher for the duration of the trial than those of the pour-on. In the case of Rhipicephalus apped...

Amitraz is a triazapentadiene, an α2 adrenergic agonist and a member of the amidine chemical family. A limited number of human intoxication cases have been published in the literature. Lack of a clear and specific protocol for the therapy of amitraz intoxication may make its successfully managed case reports useful and valuable for other clinical practitioners in poisoning departments. The case...