In fire models, the accurate prediction of aerosol & soot concentrations in the gas phase and aerosol & soot deposition thicknesses in the condensed phase is important for a wide range of applications, including human egress calculations, heat transfer in compartment fires, and forensic reconstructions of fires. During a fire, in addition to soot transport by advection and diffusion, a signific...

Atmospheric deposition to the oceans is a key process affecting the global dynamics and sinks of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). A new methodology that combines aerosol remote sensing measurements with measured POP aerosol-phase concentrations is presented to derive dry particulate depositional fluxes of POPs to the oceans. These fluxes are compared with those due to diffusive air-water e...

EFFECTS OF HEAT AND MOISTURE EXCHANGERS DESIGNED TO ALLOW AEROSOL DELIVERY ON AIRFLOW RESISTANCE AND AEROSOL DEPOSITION By William Sonny Bowers Introduction: Several problems arise when HMEs are used while giving aerosolized medication including increased airway resistance (Raw) or the need to open the ventilator circuit. Recently, heat and moisture exchangers designed to allow aerosol delivery...

AIM Intranasal aerosol administration of drugs is widely used by ENT specialists. Although clinical evidence is still lacking, intranasal nebulization appears to be an interesting therapeutic option for local drug delivery, targeting anatomic sites beyond the nasal valve. The sonic nebulizer NL11SN associates a 100Hertz (Hz) sound to the aerosolization to improve deposition in the nasal/paranas...

Aerosol drugs are usually delivered to the lung by inhalation via the oral route, since aerosol deposition is much lower in the oral than in nasal airways. In the present study a practical, non-CFD-based, mechanistic model is developed, which permits an efficient calculation of deposition along the oral route with simple computational means. A simplified geometrical description of the mouth and...

Infants have low tidal volume, vital capacity, and functional residual capacity, and short respiratory cycles (low I:E ratio), which result in a low residence time for aerosol particles and, thus, low pulmonary deposition of aerosol particles (< 1% of the nominal dose), compared to adults (8-22%). Scintigraphy data suggest aerosol deposition of < 1% in both intubated and nonintubated infants. I...

Aerosol particles can readily penetrate through air permeable fabrics. Air flow and aerosol deposition models were used to determine the skin deposition rates of aerosols through up to two fabric layers. These models were used in conjunction with a plume dispersion model to examine the risks associated with wearing air permeable CBR protective clothing, to inform IPE fabric development programs...

Laboratory chambers, invaluable in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation studies, are subject to particle and vapor wall deposition, processes that need to be accounted for in order to accurately determine secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields. Although particle wall deposition is reasonably well understood and usually accounted for, vapor wall deposition is less so. The effects of ...

The deposition of aerosol in the lung is an important issue regardless of whether the aerosol results from airborne pollutants or aerosol therapy. The specific pattern of deposition of airborne pollutants is a determinant in the development of pulmonary diseases since this pattern determines the local doses in the airspaces and the subsequent redistribution and clearance of the deposited partic...

The development of aerosol medicines typically involves numerous tests on animals, due to the lack of adequate in vitro models. A new in vitro method for testing pharmaceutical aerosol formulations on cell cultures was developed, consisting of an aerosolisation unit fitting a commercial dry powder inhaler (HandiHaler(c), Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany), an air-flow control unit (Akita(c), Activa...