Tannery wastewater usually contains a high salinity due to the use of sodium chloride (NaCl) in curing and pickling. Although some no-pickle tanning and salt-free pickling technologies were developed, few of them have been widely used due to relatively poor mechanical and bulk properties of the resultant leather. Therefore, the role of NaCl in pickling and tanning should be elucidated in the fi...

to investigate the characteristics of skin and leather of hairy goats according to their sex and age, 120 goat skins were selected from the western part of iran. results indicated that sex and age had significant effects on weight and area of skin and leather. moreover, sex and age had significant effects on thickness in different parts of skin except the belly. in this regard, the overall mean...

Abstract The use of vegetable tanning materials in leather processing has drawn attention as an alternative to basic chromium sulphate for its natural abundance and environmental aspects. In this work, attempt been made extract tannins from Xylocarpus granatum bark using different solvents (e.g., water, methanol, ethanol, chloroform) compare with conventional agents such mimosa quebracho. highe...

An IR-spectroscopic study of the interaction collagen with blackwood acacia (acacia melanoxylon) tannins and its use for tanning filling semi-finished leather products in production elastic leathers shoe uppers was conducted. The analysis IR spectra chrome dermis extract can indicate intermolecular ionic bonds formation a hydrogen dense network building-up amino groups phenolic carbonyl plant t...

Focus of the leather producing industry is the transformation of untreated skins that are brittle under dry conditions and may rot under wet conditions into durable, imperishable leather by processes which incorporate tanning agents into the hides. The traditional processes comprise a multitude of different steps (up to 70), are time-consuming and water intensive. An accrual of 20 to 40 t of wa...

In Europe, little is known about the prevalence of indoor tanning. The aims of this study were therefore to estimate the prevalence of sunbed use and to identify risk groups and motives in a population-based survey. The cross-sectional "SUN-Study 2008" ("Sunbed-Use: Needs for Action-Study 2008") was conducted in 2008. A total of 500 adults, aged 18-45 years, were randomly selected and asked abo...

Tanning is the process of converting raw skin and hides from different animals into a sustainable manageable material called leather. Leather making very long consists many chemical mechanical steps. The most important step whole leather tanning step, which performed commonly either by vegetable or mineral tanning. More than 85-90% chrome tanning, common type currently applied.