UDP-glucuronosyltransferase A1 (UGT2A1) is expressed in the lung and exhibits activity against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), suggesting UGT2A1 involvement in the local metabolism of PAH tobacco carcinogens. The goal of the present study was to investigate the importance of two additional UGT2A enzymes, UGT2A2 and UGT2A3, in tobacco carcinogen metabolism. Realtime polymerase chain rea...

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of rare chronic autoimmune diseases that include polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is recognized as a subset of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and the syndrome is characterized by myositis associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and autoantibodies against aminoacyl-tRNA synth...

Laboratory evidence to support the diagnosis of an infectious disease may be based on 1 or more of the following: direct examination of specimens using microscopic or antigen detection techniques, isolation of microorganisms in culture, serologic testing, host gene expression patterns, and molecular detection of an organism, resistance determinant, or virulence factor. Additional important role...

Liquids have been shown to have a low satiating efficiency. The may be related to the high rate of consumption for liquids which may be higher than 200 g/min. In a number of studies, we showed that the positive relationship between eating rate and energy intake is mediated by oro-sensory exposure time. Longer sensory exposure times are consistently associated with lower food intakes. This obser...

The posterior lobe is an extension of the hypothalamus and secretes two hormones: antidiuretic hormone (or arginine vasopressin) and oxytocin. The pituitary stalk and the portal vessel pass through a small diaphragm that separates the sella turcica from the middle fossa. This anatomic arrangement places the pituitary at risk for infarction or hemorrhage when a mass increases pressure in the sel...

for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to measure high-priority health-risk behaviors among adolescents at the national, state and local levels.6 We address three questions in this article: What were the trends in sexual behavior among U.S. high school students during the early 1990s? How does sexual behavior vary by race and ethnicity, and how have these differences changed over time? And fi...

Cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) continuously grow and shorten at their free plus ends, a behavior that allows them to capture membrane organelles destined for MT minus end-directed transport. In Xenopus melanophores, the capture of pigment granules (melanosomes) involves the +TIP CLIP-170, which is enriched at growing MT plus ends. Here we used Xenopus melanophores to test whether signals that s...

In motile fibroblasts, stable microtubules (MTs) are oriented toward the leading edge of cells. How these polarized MT arrays are established and maintained, and the cellular processes they control, have been the subject of many investigations. Several MT "plus-end-tracking proteins," or +TIPs, have been proposed to regulate selective MT stabilization, including the CLASPs, a complex of CLIP-17...