Even advanced Spanish speakers of second language English tend to confuse the pronouns ‘he’ and ‘she’, often without even noticing their mistake (Lahoz, 1991). A study by AntónMéndez (2010) has indicated that a possible reason for this error is the fact that Spanish is a pro-drop language. In order to test this hypothesis, we used an extension of Dual-path (Chang, 2002), a computational cogniti...

In order to produce coherent text, natural language generation systems must have the ability to generate pronouns in the appropriate places. In the past, pronoun usage was primarily investigated with respect to the accessibility of referents. That is, it was assumed that a pronoun should be generated whenever the referent was sufficiently accessible so as to make its resolution easy. We found t...

We present our submission to the crosslingual pronoun prediction (CLPP) shared task for English-German and EnglishFrench at the First Conference on Machine Translation (WMT16). We trained a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) classifier based on features from Wetzel et al. (2015), that we adapted to the new task and applied to a new language pair. Additional features such as n-grams of the pronoun context...

We'll reserve the terms resumptive and resumptive pronouns for the unbounded dependency pronouns that have traditionally received these names. To diverge from common usage at this point would be confusing and it is in any case useful to have terms specifically for this kind of resumption. We'll use the pre-theoretical terms copy raising pronoun and copy pronoun (even though there is no copying ...

We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (erfMRI) to investigate the neural basis of biological and syntactic gender integration during pronoun processing in German sentences about persons or things. German allows for separating both processes experimentally. Overall, syntactic processing activated areas adjacent to Broca's area (BA 44), whereas processing of the biological s...

Appeared in: N.V. Murray, editor, Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods (TABLEAUX’99), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1617, Springer, pages 247–262, 1999. We present a tableau calculus for reasoning in fragments of natural language. We focus on the problem of pronoun resolution and the way in which it complicates automated theorem proving for natural language ...

Two story-telling experiments examine the process of choosing between pronouns and proper names in speaking. Such choices are traditionally attributed to speakers striving to make referring expressions maximally interpretable to addressees. The experiments revealed a novel effect: even when a pronoun would not be ambiguous, the presence of another character in the discourse decreased pronoun us...

Many languages allow a pronoun to go unpronounced in the presence of inflectional marking for person and number. This paper explores the hypothesis that inflection may itself be ‘pronominal’ using data from Irish which exhibits a well-known complementary distribution between person/number inflection and pronouns. Such complementarity follows if inflection forms a syntactic chain with a pronoun ...

Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening, severe allergic reaction. The immediate assessment of patients having an allergic reaction and prompt administration of epinephrine, if criteria for anaphylaxis are met, promote optimal outcomes. National and international guidelines for the management of anaphylaxis, including those for management of allergic reactions at school, as well as severa...

This paper investigates reference to clausally introduced entities and proposes an explanation for why these are more readily available to immediate subsequent reference with a demonstrative pronoun than with the personal pronoun, it. New evidence is provided supporting proposals that such entities are typically activated, but not brought into focus, upon their introduction into a discourse. Th...