Apoptosis is a conserved cell-death process displaying characteristic morphological and molecular changes including activation of caspase proteases. Recent work challenges the accepted roles of these proteases. New investigations in mice and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that there could be caspase-independent pathways leading to cell death. In addition, another type of cell death...

Aims: Renal vascular clamping during partial nephrectomy can lead to renal ischemia and kidney damage due to reperfusion injuries, but a surgical technique without any ischemia can eliminate such unwanted effects on kidney function. The present study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of partial nephrectomy in conditions where the renal artery is ready to be clamped. Patient Information: In ...

In this report, a rare case of pregnancy in a mouse without mating and during breastfeeding is presented. Out-bred NMRI mice were prepared for mating. Two female mice without superovulation were caged with one male. The next morning, vaginal plaque was not detected; therefore, females were kept in the cage with the same male for 4 more days. One of the females delivered 4 offspring: one female ...

A quantum theory of a two and three-level laser with injected atomic coherence is developed by using a density operator method, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. The initial atomic coherence plays an essential role. At steady state, the equation of motion for the density operator yields to exhibit laser without inversion and a phase locking but no threshold for the laser fie...

background: tuberculosis of the larynx is a rare form of tuberculosis. patients usually present with hoarseness or dysphagia and other nonspecific constitutional symptoms like fever or localized pain. in this study, we present a case of primary vocal cord lesion with tuberculosis. case presentation: a 72 year old man presented with hoarseness of voice, low grade fever, and night sweating with i...