R, and the frequency of induced mammary tumors. This apparent linear dose-effect relation does not hold after exposure to fission neutrons, at least from 10 to 250 rads, in single whole-body exposures. The female Sprague-Dawley rat has a relatively high spontaneous incidence of mammary tumors. However, these neoplasms appear late in life in unirradiated controls. Only 2% of 89 control rats show...

The objective of this study was to establish the developmental pattern and tissue specificity of porcine myostatin expression and to evaluate expression in skeletal muscle during circumstances in which muscle growth was altered. Northern blot analysis revealed two transcripts (1.5 and 0.8 kb). Myostatin mRNA was detected in whole fetuses at 21 and 35 days and was markedly increased ( P < 0.05) ...

Pregnant Wistar-MS rats received whole body irradiation with 2.6 Gy gamma-rays from a 60Co source at day 20 of pregnancy. Control rats were fed a basal diet and were implanted with a diethylstilbestrol (DES) pellet at 30 days after weaning. In the experimental group, rats were fed a diet containing simvastatin immediately after weaning and received a DES pellet at 30 days after weaning. A high ...

Microdissection and differential display PCR were used to identify genes preferentially expressed in the highly proliferative terminal end buds (TEBs) in the mammary gland of 45-day-old virgin rats. One clone exhibited 87% homology to the human p190-B gene encoding a novel Rho-Gap. Using in situ hybridization, p190-B was detected in both the TEBs and the terminal ducts, with the highest express...

Stem cells appear to retain labeled DNA for extended periods because of their selective segregation of template DNA strands during mitosis. In this study, proliferating cells in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland were labeled using five daily injections of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Five weeks later, BrdU-labeled mammary epithelial cells were still evident. The percentage of BrdU-labeled ...

An increased breast cancer risk during adulthood has been linked to estrogen exposure during fetal life. However, the impossibility of removing estrogens from the feto-maternal unit has hindered the testing of estrogen's direct effect on mammary gland organogenesis. To overcome this limitation, we developed an ex vivo culture method of the mammary gland where the direct action of estrogens can ...

Hemophilia A is an inherited X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by coagulant factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. The conventional treatment involves the administration of recombinant human FVIII (rhFVIII) preparations. In this study, the mammary gland 'bioreactor' is designed to specifically and efficiently express a foreign protein hFVIII in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. We const...

The mammary gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes cyclic developmental and regressive changes during the lifetime of a female mammal. Mammogenesis begins during embryonic life with the development of the first mammary gland rudiments and ductal system. After birth, during the pre-pubertal period, the ductal growth of the mammary parenchyma occurs through the fat pad. In most of the ruminant s...

R-spondin1 (Rspo1) is a member of a secreted protein family which has pleiotropic functions in development and stem cell growth. Rspo1 knock-out mice are sex-reversed, but some remain sub-fertile, so they fail to nurse their pups. A lack of Rspo1 expression in the mammary gland results in an absence of duct side-branching development and defective alveolar formation. The aim of this study was t...

The microbial factor is essential in the etiology of mastitis. In this regard, bacteriological diagnostics one decisive moments recognition and differentiation pathological conditions mammary gland. However, it takes a lot time to make diagnosis using general methods, special culture media reagents.