speaking is one of the most important skills to be developed and enhanced as means of effective communication. speaking skill is regarded one of the most difficult aspects of language learning. many language learners find it difficult to express themselves in spoken language. they are generally facing problems to use the foreign language to express their thoughts effectively. they stop talking ...

In addition to defining impairments in social communication skills, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also show impairments in more basic sensory and motor skills. Development of new skills involves integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. This input is then used to form internal models of action that can be accessed when both performing skilled movements, as well...

Ten younger and ten older adults were provided with 16 sessions of conjunction search under consistent mapping, where target and distractors remain constant in identity. The target and one distractor were reversed after every fourth session. After the first four training sessions, on target-present trials, display size slopes were near zero for both age groups. However, on target-absent trials,...

Good listeners generally produce back-channel feedback, that is, short utterances such as uh-huh which signal active listening. As the rules governing back-channeling vary from language to language, second-language learners may need help acquiring this skill. This paper is an initial exploration of how to provide this. It presents a training sequence which enables learners to acquire a basic Ar...

We investigated the changes of resource demand during the acquisition of a sensorimotor skill, namely the tracking of a visual target under reversed visual feedback. This acquisition task was performed alone or concurrently with one of four manual reaction-time tasks as loading tasks, designed to tap different computational resources. As expected, we found tracking performance to deteriorate up...

Models of student performance can incorporate a skill decomposition that lists the skills that each activity requires. A good model must be sensitive to improvements in skill decomposition. We validate the Recent-Performance Factors Analysis model of student performance by checking its sensitivity to the skill decomposition. We use a dataset from a tutoring system where the skill model has been...

This paper describes some design refinements on marking menus and shows how these refinements embody interesting and relevant design principles for HCI. These refinements are based on the design principles of: (1) maintaining visual context, (2) hiding unnecessary information, and (3) supporting skill development by graphical feedback. The result is a new graphical representation and a more eff...

The drawing of visual representations is important for learners and scientists alike, such as the drawing of models to enable visual model-based reasoning. Yet few biology instructors recognize drawing as a teachable science process skill, as reflected by its absence in the Vision and Change report's Modeling and Simulation core competency. Further, the diffuse research on drawing can be diffic...