torque teno virus (ttv) is prevalent worldwide and has been extensively studied in human and some wild and domestic animals. as the studies on ttv in chickens was rare and there was no information about the infection of domestic village chickens with ttv and also structural resemblance of this virus to chicken anemia virus, the frequency of the infection in domestic village chickens in differen...

background and aims: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) remains a potentially serious health problem world wide. all infected people, including asymptomatic ones, are potential sources for virus transmission. virus envelope contains at least 13 glycoproteins, which glycoprotein d is the major target of immune responses. the aim of this study was development of a specific method that is a more r...

Orthopoxvirus species like cowpox, vaccinia and monkeypox virus cause zoonotic infections in humans worldwide. Infections often occur in rural areas lacking proper diagnostic infrastructure as exemplified by monkeypox, which is endemic in Western and Central Africa. While PCR detection requires demanding equipment and is restricted to genome detection, the evidence of virus particles can comple...

background pcr is a molecular technique for herpes simplex virus (hsv) detection that can cause life-threatening infections such as encephalitis and keratitis. however, the main issues, false-negative results causing by pcr inhibitors, of this technique that reduce pcr efficiency. to overcome this problem, a competitive internal amplification control (iac) was constructed for conventional pcr u...

The Hexaplex assay (Prodesse, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.) is a multiplex reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay for the detection of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) types A and B, and influenza virus types A and B. We evaluated the Hexaplex assay in comparison with conventional viral cell cultures and rapid enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for RSV (Directigen; Becton...

enteroviruses are the causative agents of a number of diseases in humans. group b coxsackieviruses are believed to be the most common viral agents responsible for human heart disease. genomic data of enteroviruses has allowed developing new molecular approaches such as nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) for detection of such viruses. in this study, coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was de...

Ecological understanding of disease risk, emergence, and dynamics and of the efficacy of control strategies relies heavily on efficient tools for microorganism identification and characterization. Misdetection, such as the misclassification of infected hosts as healthy, can strongly bias estimates of disease prevalence and lead to inaccurate conclusions. In natural plant ecosystems, interest in...

In 2014, Ebola hemorrhagic fever broke out in West Africa. As contact between China and West Africa is frequent, the possibility that Ebola virus would enter China was high. Thus, an external assessment of the quality of Ebola virus detection was organized by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories in China. Virus-like particles encapsulating known sequences of epidemic strains of Ebola v...

New separation-free assay methods for the rapid detection of influenza A and B virus antigens are presented. The methods employ dry-chemistry reagents and the recently developed two-photon excitation (TPX) fluorescence detection technology. According to the assay scheme, virus antigens are sandwiched by capture antibody onto polymer microspheres and fluorescently labeled antibody conjugate. Con...

Widespread deaths of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)were associated with the 1999 outbreak of West Nile (WN) virus in the New York City region. We compared six organs from 20 crow carcasses as targets for WN virus detection. Half the carcasses had at least one positive test result for WN virus infection. The brain was the most sensitive test organ; it was the only positive organ for thre...