In this paper, we define a Mathematical model of program structure. Mathematical model of program structure defined here provides unified mathematical treatment of program structure, which reveals that a program is a large and finite set of embedded binary relations between current statement and previous ones. Then, a program is considered as a composed listing and a logical combination of mult...

Agricultural products export has main role among non-oil exports and pistachio is the most important exportable agricultural product in Iran. In this research we tried to deal with the most important weak and strong spots, opportunities and threats facing the advertisement of exporting pistachio in Kerman province. This has been done with the usage of factor analysis (PFA) in combination with S...

A Public Disclosure Program (PDP) is compared to a traditional environmental regulation (exemplified by a tax/subsidy) in a simple dynamic framework. A PDP aims at revealing the environmental record of firms to the public. This information affects its image (goodwill or brand equity), and ultimately its profit. In our model, this impact is endogenous, i.e., a firm polluting less than its prescr...

Chronic low back pain is one of the major health problems in the U.S., resulting in a large number of years of disability. To address the biopsychosocial nature of pain, interdisciplinary pain programs provide integrated interventions by an interdisciplinary team in a unified setting with unified goals. This study examined outcomes of an interdisciplinary program located at two sites with diffe...

We study a supply chain in which a consumer goods manufacturer sells its product through a retailer. The retailer undertakes promotional expenditures, such as advertising, to increase sales and to compete against other retailer(s). The manufacturer supports the retailer’s promotional expenditure through a cooperative advertising program by reimbursing a portion (called the subsidy rate) of the ...

U.S. businesses spend almost $300 billion a year on advertising. The goal of the spending is to attract loyal customers. The relationship capital associated with the resulting loyalty earns substantial rents for businesses and also some rents for customers. Businesses and households pursue those rents. I build a model of the development and valuation of customer relationships and of the resulti...

BACKGROUND Anti-smoking advertisements are an effective population-based smoking reduction strategy. The Quitline telephone service provides a first point of contact for adults considering quitting. Because of data complexity, the relationship between anti-smoking advertising placement, intensity, and time trends in total call volume is poorly understood. In this study we use a recently develop...

The technological transformation and automation of digital content delivery has revolutionized the advertising industry. Increased reliance on automation has also led to requirements for standardization of advertising formats. This paper examines how the memorability of banner advertising changed with the introduction of new standards regularizing the size of display advertising. Using data fro...

I examine how the increasing ability of firms to target their advertisements to particular individuals influences market outcomes when consumers have access to advertising avoidance tools. Today firms possess an unprecedented and rapidly improving ability to discover details about individuals and reach them with advertising based on this information. For instance, as many readers know, an indiv...

The digital revolution has often been heralded for the transformation it has produced in advertising. The ability to collect data about the individual, automatically parse it, and then serve ads on that basis has transformed advertisers’ ability to target ads and show specific ads to specific groups of consumers. This targeting revolution has led to the emergence of paid search advertising, whe...