Double-loaded affordable apartments are commonly seen in tropical developing countries to maximize total floor areas. However, the double-loaded would possibly cause poor cross-ventilation, particularly on leeward side of buildings. This study aims propose an alternative design for efficient indoor ventilation performance The apartment primarily involves following three key building elements: a...

Excavations at the Giro mine located in commune of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (France) have revealed a metallic and cylindrical artifact that resembles connecting element for wooden duct sections. Early modern literature, especially De Re Metallica, mention such technologies intended particular to force ventilation underground mines which air quality was harmful miners. The found gallery leading st...

nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. in some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. theref...