BACKGROUND In the last fifty years since plate and screw osteosynthesis has been implemented in fracture treatment, osteosporotic bone fractures were observed as a special problem. Due to special histologic, anatomic, physical and biomehanic properties of osteoporotic changed bone the laws of biomechanics suggest that stable osteosynthesis for osteoporotic bone is necessary to increase the cont...

BACKGROUND Basilar apex aneurysms (BAA) are located in interpeduncular cistern surrounded by eloquent neurovascular structures. Surgical access is difficult due to narrow surgical corridors and requires traversing through a depth of 6-8 cm of subarachnoid space. AIM Surgical management of BAAs clipped using frontotemporal craniotomy, orbitozygomatic osteotomy with combined subtemporal and tra...

Congenital preauricular fistula is a malformation of the six auditory hillocks during development auricle when an imperfect fusion first arch tuberculum to other tuberculums occurs and generates tract. The difficulty in surgical treatment for fistulas high recurrence rate. Surgical techniques were developed modified reduce This study aimed describe recurrent its treatment. A 7-year-old patient ...

Monocular temporal hemianopia was identified in 24 patients. The field of the fellow eye was normal. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging showed juxta-sellar lesions in 19 patients. Fifteen had pituitary adenomas, two had tuberculum sella meningiomas, one a craniopharyngioma, and one an astrocytoma. One patient had optic neuritis. A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was det...

Neuroanatomical and pharmacological experiments support the existence of a homologue of the mammalian substantia nigra-basal ganglia circuit in the amphibian brain. Demarcation of borders between the striatum and pallidum in frogs, however, has been contentious, and direct evidence of functional coupling between the putative nigral and striatal homologues is lacking. To clarify basal ganglia fu...