In this note we prove the backwards uniqueness of the mean curvature flow in codimension one case. More precisely,let Ft, e Ft : M → M n+1 be two complete solutions of the mean curvature flow on M×[0, T ] with bounded second fundamental form in a complete ambient manifold with bounded geometry. Suppose FT = e FT , then Ft = e Ft on M n × [0, T ]. This is an analog of a recent result of Kotschwa...

The Drosophila protocadherin Fat (Ft) regulates growth, planar cell polarity (PCP) and proximodistal patterning. A key downstream component of Ft signaling is the atypical myosin Dachs (D). Multiple regions of the intracellular domain of Ft have been implicated in regulating growth and PCP but how Ft regulates D is not known. Mutations in Fbxl7, which encodes an F-box protein, result in tissue ...

A review was conducted on the use of thermochemical biomass gasification for producing biofuels, biopower and chemicals. The upstream processes for gasification are similar to other biomass processing methods. However, challenges remain in the gasification and downstream processing for viable commercial applications. The challenges with gasification are to understand the effects of operating co...

Most chemical reactions occur over multiple steps whose identity is elucidated by experiment, yielding a reaction mechanism. Knowledge of cognitive science suggests that mechanism elucidation can be viewed as a knowledge-guided search within a combinatorial space. The MECHEM computer program searches this space comprehensively for the simplest plausible mechanisms. We use MECHEM to find mechani...

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) encodes a systemic signal communicating the perception of long day photoperiod from leaves to the shoot apex to induce the floral transition. Transient expression of FT in the phloem companion cells of rosette leaves for one to several days was previously shown to be sufficient to commit plants to flowering. Here we show that partial commitment results in pleiotropic infl...

The flowering time of plants is tightly regulated by both promotive and repressive factors. Molecular genetic studies using Arabidopsis have identified several epigenetic repressors that regulate flowering time. Terminal flower2, (TFL2), which encodes a homolog of heterochromatin protein1 represses flowering locus T (FT) expression, which is induced by the activator constans (CO) in response to...

The distribution of organic species is explored using data acquired from a new dual quadrupole system that routinely measures eighteen gaseous species. The process of condensation and its affect on gas distribution is modeled, and a new discrimination diagram based on total gaseous species and the CO2/N2 ratio is introduced. We conclude that organic species concentrations indicate source; that ...