PURPOSE The objective of the study was to evaluate the synergistic transdermal permeation effect of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis technique on tolterodine tartrate (TT) transdermal gel and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Taguchi robust design was used for optimization of formulations. Skin permeation rates were evaluated using the Keshary-chein type di...

BACKGROUND Antimuscarinic agents are currently the predominant treatment option for the clinical management of the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). However, low rates of persistence with these agents highlight the need for novel, effective and better-tolerated oral pharmacological agents. Mirabegron is a β3-adrenoceptor agonist developed for the treatment of OAB, with a mechanism of action...

CONTEXT Mirabegron, the selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist, heralds the latest development for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). OBJECTIVE To present the evidence available on the efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron and to discuss this treatment's potential in our setting. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We reviewed 11 studies conducted with mirabegron in patients with OAB (2 phase II, 9 p...

OBJECTIVE Interstitial cystitis is a condition with a poorly understood etiology and, consequently, various treatment options have been described in the literature, with a less than optimal outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the role of a combination of intravesical hydrocortisone and heparin, together with oral bladder sedatives and systemic triamcinolone, for the treatment of inter...