The disjointness of a stabilizer code is quantity used to constrain the level logical Clifford hierarchy attainable by transversal gates and constant-depth quantum circuits. We show that for any positive integer constant $c$, problem calculating $c$-disjointness, or even approximating it within multiplicative factor, NP-complete. provide bounds on various families, including Calderbank-Shor-Ste...

density of rhizobium population in faba bean (vicia faba l.) fields of wollo area (asketema, gashana, kotem, major and sekota) northern ethiopia was studied. the highest population of rhizobia was found at major and the least at sekota regions. the native rhizobial strains isolated from the northern parts of the country tolerated a higher salt concentration (5% nacl) than the exotic rhizobial s...

Objective: Different categories are available for estimating of radiation dose. Radioisotopes with the same energy and almost the same physical properties have similar effects. Monte Carlo technique is a computerized method based on mathematical simulation of physical processes. The main purpose of this study is to show that beta particles are not able to penetrate deep into the water. also dif...

moving towards nanometer scales, quantum-dot cellular automata (qca) technology emerged as a novel solution, which can be a suitable replacement for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (cmos) technology. the 3-input majority function and inverter gate are fundamental gates in the qca technology, which all logical functions are produced based on them. like cmos technology, making the basic c...

Integrated circuits have been in constant progression since the first prototype in 1958. The semiconductor industry has maintained a constant rate of miniaturisation of transistors and wires, resulting in ever increasing speed, size and complexity of circuits. One challenge that has always been present is reduced yield due to production defects. A certain amount of chips must be scrapped becaus...

Error correction has long been suggested to extend the sensitivity of quantum sensors into Heisenberg Limit. However, operations on logical qubits are only performed through universal gate sets consisting finite-sized gates such as Clifford + T. Although these allow for computation, finite sizes present a problem sensing, since in sensing protocols, Ramsey measurement protocol, signal must act ...

Techniques to efficiently compile higher-level quantum algorithms into lower-level fault-tolerant circuits are needed for the implementation of a scalable, general purpose quantum computer. Several universal gate sets arise from augmenting the set of Clifford gates by additional gates that arise naturally from the underlying fault-tolerance scheme. Examples are the Clifford+T basis which arises...

We introduce a morphing procedure that can be used to generate new quantum codes from existing codes. In particular, we morph the 15-qubit Reed-Muller code obtain $[\![10,1,2]\!]$ is smallest known stabilizer with fault-tolerant logical $T$ gate. addition, construct family of hybrid color-toric by color code. Our inherits gates original code, implemented via constant-depth local unitaries. As s...