Among several diagrams defined in UML, the class diagram is particularly useful through entire software development process, from early domain analysis stages to later maintenance stages. However conventional UML environments are often inappropriate for collaborative modeling in physically remote locations, such as exchanging models on a public mailing list via email. To overcome this issue, we...

Objective: Vertebral and basilar artery stenosis is one of the main reasons causing posterior circulation ischemia. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM) and Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in assessing the functional improvement of the vertebral basilar artery stenosis after endovascular stenting. Methods: Forty patients with vertebral and basilar...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite prominent neurological symptoms reported in Takayasu arteritis (TA), a complete evaluation of the cerebral circulation has not been consistently performed. The purpose of this study is to describe MR angiography (MRA), color Doppler flow imaging, and transcranial Doppler (TCD) findings in the extracranial and intracranial cerebral arteries in TA. METHODS MRA, co...

We treated 43 patients who had head tremor as the major complaint with local botulinum toxin type A (Btx A) injections into neck muscles: 29 patients were classified as suffering from tremulous cervical dystonia (TCD), and 14 had head tremor without dystonia (HT). All patients were clinically assessed by means of the Tsui scale and a 4-point pain scale at baseline and follow-up visit. Quantitat...

BACKGROUND Women have been reported to show more frequent recanalization and better recovery after intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment for acute stroke compared with men. To investigate this we studied a series of stroke patients receiving IV rt-PA and undergoing acute transcranial doppler (TCD) examination. METHODS Acute stroke patients received IV rt-...

Although intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential to guide management of patients suffering from acute brain diseases, this signal is often neglected outside the neurocritical care environment. This is mainly attributed to the intrinsic risks of the available invasive techniques, which have prevented ICP monitoring in many conditions affecting the intracranial homeostasis, from mild traumatic b...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis have a high rate of recurrence. We conducted a prospective study to determine which factors are associated with the progression of symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis and to evaluate the relationship between progression and clinical recurrence. METHODS Between January 1996 and February 2000, o...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems exploit brain activity for generating a control command and may be used by individuals with severe motor disabilities as an alternative means of communication. An emerging brain monitoring modality for BCI development is transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), which facilitates the tracking of cerebral blood flow velocities associated with mental tasks...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE TIMI angiographic classification measures coronary residual flow and recanalization. We developed a Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) classification by using transcranial Doppler (TCD) to noninvasively monitor intracranial vessel residual flow signals. We examined whether the emergent TCD TIBI classification correlated with stroke severity and outcome in patients trea...

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is fatal in early childhood if unrecognized and if not treated. The aim was to determine the efficacy of T cell depleted bone marrow transplantation (TCD BMT) in the treatment of children with SCID. Eleven children diagnosed with SCID received histocompatible related donor bone marrow transplantation--HRD BMT (group I). Thirty seven children diagnosed wit...