Abstract : The variation of the electrical resistivity of a material in the externalmagnetic field is known as magneto resistance. This phenomenon has been attractedboth theoretical and experimental researchers in miniaturization of magneto meters inthe recent years. In this paper, the magneto resistance of an inhomogeneous twodimensional conductor with ladder geometry i...

Material performance is significantly governed by grain boundaries (GBs), a typical crystal defects inside, which often exhibit unique properties due to the structural and chemical inhomogeneity. Here, it is reported direct atomic scale evidence that oxygen vacancies formed in the GBs can modify the local surface oxygen dynamics in CeO2, a key material for fuel cells. The atomic structures and ...

A centrosymmetric stress cannot induce a polar response in centric materials; piezoelectricity is, for example, possible only in non-centrosymmetric structures. An exception is metamaterials with shape asymmetry, which may be polarized by stress even when the material is centric. In this case the mechanism is flexoelectricity, which relates polarization to a strain gradient. The flexoelectric r...

Nowadays, smart composite materials embed miniaturized sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in order to mitigate the risk of failure due to an overload or to unwanted inhomogeneity resulting from the fabrication process. Optical fiber sensors, and more particularly fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, outperform traditional sensor technologies, as they are lightweight, small in size and...

In acetate-limited chemostat cultures started with single-colony cultures of Thiobacillus versutus, a mutant appeared after approximately 85 volume changes. The inhomogeneity of the culture was detected by the development of two different types of colonies on agar plates. When a pure culture of the mutant was grown in a chemostat, parent colonies appeared after almost the same period of time. E...