Based on a feasibility analysis on the product and source market orientation of the Ailing River Drifting Scenic Spot, this article explores its product quality as well as market strategies in four aspects including product, price, promotion and place.

In many competitive electricity markets around the world, dynamic behavior of hourly prices is subject to significant uncertainty and volatility due demand, availability generation sources, fuel costs, power plant availability. This work devoted describing comparing dynamics for some in Europe, selecting five countries representing largest economies Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain...

In this paper we present an analysis of the results of a study into wholesale (spot) electricity price forecasting with Support Vector Machines (SVM) utilising past price and demand data and Projected Assessment of System Adequacy (PASA) data. The forecasting accuracy was evaluated using Australian National Electricity Market (NEM), New South Wales regional data over the year 2002. The inclusio...

Sums of Lévy-driven Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes seem appropriate for modelling electricity spot price data. In this paper we present a new estimation method with particular emphasis on capturing the high peaks, which is one of the stylized features of such data. After introducing our method we show it at work for the EEX Phelix Base electricity price index. We also present a small simulation s...

Commodities, ranging from natural gas to memory chips, can be procured both by trading on the date in spot markets and in advance in forward markets. Transaction costs, such as brokerage fees, are typically higher in spot markets than in forward markets. Moreover, the forecast of a firm’s commodity requirement (demand) for a given future date typically changes in an uncertain fashion over time....

We present a planning model for chemical commodities related to an industry case. Commodities are standard chemicals characterized by sales and supply volatility in volume and value. Increasing and volatile prices of crude oil-dependent raw materials require coordination of sales and supply decisions by volume and value throughout the value chain to ensure profitability. Contract and spot deman...

Based on the data samples using EUA spot and futures in the ICE and BLUENEXT exchange platform in the European Union emissions trading scheme (EU ETS), this paper propose the market behavior of convenience yields and examine the options feature of convenience yields for emission allowances. When the convenience yields of emission allowances are positive, the convenience yields are positively re...

New production technologies, consumers who are more discriminating, and the need for improved coordination are among the forces driving the move from spot markets to contracts. Some worry that this tendency will result in the disappearance of spot markets, or at least that they will become too thin to be of help for an efficient price discovery process. Other authors point to the reduction in w...