Recreational cyclists are pertinent but rarely studied leisure and tourism segment. cycling has traditionally been considered as a ‘masculine stereotyped’ sport. The purpose of the research is to better understand gendered consumer view recreational possibly promote women men in countries like South Africa with keen interests form sport tourism. This employs content analysis social media posts ...

Rugby union, alongside other collision and contact sports, faces ever mounting pressure from increased recognition of concussive injuries the risks they present to athletes, both in short-term long-term. Here, media is a central component increasing for cultural change. This research analysed data 524 self-selected survey respondents examine rugby union fans’ stakeholders’ perceptions portrayal...

BACKGROUND Mixed martial arts is a sport that has recently enjoyed a significant increase in popularity. This rise in popularity has catapulted many of these "cage fighters" into stardom and many regularly use social media to reach out to their fans. An interesting result of this interaction on social media is that athletes are sharing images of their radiological examinations when they sustain...

The current research sets out to identify and scrutinize the impact of the CEO’s perceptual biases in judgment and economic decision-making on the reporting quality of the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Adopting a mixed method, the present study first seeks to detect the components and indices of CEO’s perceptual biases via critical appraisal and with the special participation of 10...

Contact sports have long been a part of human existence. The two earliest recorded organized contact games, both of which still exist, include Royal Shrovetide Football played since the 12(th) century in England and Caid played since 1308 AD in Ireland. Rugby is the premier contact sport played throughout the world with the very popular derivative American football being the premier contact spo...

PURPOSE This study examined incidence of sport-related injury, interest in supplements to treat injury, and sources of supplement information among 145 college athletes (89 males, 56 females). MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was used to assess sport-related injuries, interest in three categories of supplements to treat injury, and sources of supplement information among college athletes who us...

I propose here the psychological attraction theory of financial regulation—that regulation is result biases on part political participants—voters, politicians, bureaucrats, and media commentators; regulatory ideologies that exploit these biases. Some key elements approach are: salience vividness, omission bias, scapegoating xenophobia, fairness reciprocity norms, overconfidence, mood effects. T...

The increasing availability of food supplements, aggressive media advertising, and common beliefs that these substances have only positive effects on health and sport performance indicate a need for continuous monitoring of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the habits and beliefs related to diet supplementation among medical, health professional, and other university/hig...

Men’s boxing is a sport with successful, high profile and affluent participants and one that includes many of the very much less well off. It has traditionally involved high participation by men from black and minority ethnic backgrounds. The sport is beset by contradictions, between racism and opportunity, discipline and excess, beautiful bodies and those that are fractured and damaged, and be...