Skin permeability and local blood perfusion are important factors for transdermal drug delivery. Application of heat is expected to enhance microcirculation and local perfusion and/or blood vessel permeability, thus facilitating drug transfer to the systemic circulation. In addition, heating prior to or during topical application of a drug may facilitate skin penetration, increase kinetic energ...

Background: Plant N-alkylamides (NAAs) are bio-active compounds with a broad functional spectrum. In order to reach their pharmacodynamic targets, they have to overcome several barriers of the body in the absorption phase. The permeability kinetics of spilanthol (a diene NAA) and pellitorine (a triene NAA) across these barriers (i.e. skin, oral/gut mucosa, bloodbrain barrier) were investigated....

The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a very complex and heterogeneous structure. The innermost layer is the subcutaneous fat layer. Next is the dermis, which contains fibroblasts that produce collagen and elastic fibers. Localized within the dermis are specialized organelles including sebaceous glands, eccrine glands (sweat glands), and hair follicles. The nerves and blood vessels ...

Background/Objectives: Prior studies have demonstrated that both the skin surface pH and epidermal permeability barrier function vary with skin pigmentation types. Although melanin deficiency is the main feature of vitiligo, alterations in cutaneous biophysical properties in vitiligo have not yet been well defined. In the present study, stratum corneum (SC) hydration, the skin surface pH and ep...

The present study investigated the feasibility of ostrich oil utilizing as a promising vehicle for improved skin permeation of sinomenine with reference to vaseline matrix containing different content of chemical enhancers. The fatty acid composition of ostrich oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Penetration enhancing potential of ostrich oil on permeation of sinomenine across rat abdominal skin in vitr...

Delivering medicine to the general circulation through the skin is associated with grater advantages compared to that by the oral route and hence the purpose of this investigation was to study the potential of rosiglitazone maleate for transdermal delivery using passive diffusion and iontophoresis. Physicochemical parameters of rosiglitazone maleate like solubility, pKa, octanol/vehicle and ski...

Although transdermal drug delivery has many potential advantages, the permeability of skin to macromolecules is extremely low. However, the application of short, high-voltage pulses to electroporate skin has recently been shown to make it reversibly permeable. A number of studies have demonstrated that electroporation-mediated transdermal delivery of peptides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides ...

An analytical investigation is conducted to study the unsteady free convection heat and mass transfer flow through a non-homogeneous porous medium with variable permeability bounded by an infinite porous vertical plate in slip flow regime while taking into account the thermal radiation, chemical reaction, the Soret number, and temperature gradient dependent heat source. The flow is considered u...

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common problem in patients with faecal and/or urinary incontinence. Urine alters the normal skin flora and increases permeability of the stratum corneum and faecal enzymes on the skin contribute to skin damage. Faecal bacteria can then penetrate the skin, increasing the risk of secondary infection. However, IAD can be prevented and healed with timel...