the activated sludge process is the most used biological wastewater treatment method in the world. sludge bulking is one of the most common problems relateing to activated sludge wastewater treatment, and this fact causes poor settling in secondary sedimentation tank. sludge volume index(svi) and the zone settling velocity(zsv) are parameters to quantify the settleability of activated sludge . ...

Settling disputes, even disputes about meaning, by third party arbitration is different from settling them by negotiation. Moreover, disputes can be settled by a procedure in which the disputing parties follow a protocol that prohibits them from simply following their original aims. They can collectively constitute an arbitrator. This provides an alternative model for resolving differences in m...

The expansion G of a graph G is the 3-uniform hypergraph obtained from G by enlarging each edge of G with a vertex disjoint from V (G) such that distinct edges are enlarged by distinct vertices. Let exr(n, F ) denote the maximum number of edges in an r-uniform hypergraph with n vertices not containing any copy of F . The authors [11] recently determined ex3(n,G ) more generally, namely when G i...

The design of multivariable ripple-free deadbeat controllers is a complex task. One approach which has shown promise for solving multivariable ripple-free deadbeat control (MRFDC) problems is the use of Diophantine equation parameters. The problem of solving robust multivariable ripple free deadbeat with time delays has not been solved. This paper proposes a hybrid two degree of freedom control...

Immediately after placement, gravitational forces and the local drying environment begin to influence the (micro)structure of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete. Depending on the mixture’s water-to-cementitious materials mass ratio (w/cm) (and aggregate volume fraction), the initial freshly cast material may be thought of either as a concentrated suspension of rigid particles in water or as a ...

A simple and easy-to-implement method that guarantees the effective active synchronization of a chaotic gyroscopic system within a specified settling time limit is presented. A closed-form expression is given for the determination of the appropriate synchronizing control signal. The method is successfully validated through simulations for various initial conditions of the gyroscopic system.

High precision position control and high speed control of the robot manipulators are fundamental and important control problems. The effectiveness of finite-time P-PI control was confirmed by end-effector position control of robot manipulators. However, parameter tuning method has not been proposed to finite-time P-PI control. In this paper, we propose a settling time design method and a parame...

The work presented here addresses the issue of tuning PD controllers for controlling integrating plus deadtime (IPDT) processes using settling time and gain and phase margin specifications. Tuning formulae are derived for PD controller being used for controlling IPDT processes. Simulations have been carried out to determine the effectiveness of the tuning formulae. Also, comparison between prop...

To each computable enumerable (c.e.) set A with a particular enumeration {As}s∈ω, there is associated a settling function mA(x), where mA(x) is the last stage when a number less than or equal to x was enumerated into A. In [7], R.W. Robinson classified the complexity of c.e. sets into two groups of complexity based on whether or not the settling function was dominant. An extension of this idea ...

The attachment of positive and negative ions to settling spherical dust particles is studied. A novel 1D numerical model has been developed parameterize the charging process in presence a large-scale electric field. able self-consistently calculate modification atmospheric ion densities particles, consequent alteration electrical conductivity Moreover, estimates acquired charge on calculates fo...