Social scientists have proposed several concepts to give account of the way scientific life organizes. By studying “complexity sciences” – established in mid-1980s by “Santa Fe Institute” New Mexico (USA) –, present article addresses interdisciplinary studies and emergent domains literature proposing a new concept describe this domain. Drawing from Bourdieusian sociology science STS, “scientifi...

Background: In regard to enhancement of efficiency and productivity of an organization in terms of teamwork, it is necessary to shift to team-centered approach for increasing confidence in health care systems. Therefore it is needed to assess effect of the academic training on students' viewpoint in team working. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and was done in Kurdistan University of ...

IT IS ONLY in the last eight or ten years that the numerical aspects of bibliography have attracted attention, although some of the numerical regularities that occur in bibliography have been known for thirty or forty years. Results are, therefore, still meager and applications are still few. Moreover, most of the work so far reported has been limited to numerical analysis of the literature of ...

Interpolation theory is a necessary and crucial tools for many applied engineering sciences. In this paper, we propose a new kind of 2-period interpolation of functions with period 2 at the nodes x k = x k;n = k=n; (k = 0; 1; ; 2n ? 1). We nd out the necessary and suucient conditions for regularity of this new interpolation problem. Moreover, a closed form expression for the interpolation polyn...

Background: the success of faculty members of Medical Sciences Universities in medical education arena requires qualification and capabilities authentication in relation with education.  In order to achieve these capabilities, it is necessary to use new and influential approaches of empowerment. One of the appropriate approaches is “Competency Based Training” (CBT). In this method, competencies...

Modeling complex organs, such as the human heart, requires a detailed understanding of the geometric and mechanical properties of that organ. Similarly, the model is only as accurate as the precision of the underlying properties allow. Hence, it is of great importance that accurate measurements of the geometric configuration are available. This paper describes the different steps that are neces...

Abstract The social sciences often explain behavioral differences by appealing to membership in distinct cultural groups. This work uses the concepts of “cultures” and “cultural groups” like any other demographic category (e.g. “gender”, “socioeconomic status”). I call these joint conceptualizations cultures . Such have long been subject scrutiny. Here isolate respond a set arguments skepticism...

Sperm detection can be an important factor in confirming sexual assault in cases of rape. A large number of cases received in a forensic laboratory involve sexual offenses, making it necessary to examine exhibits for the presence of seminal stains. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most important methods and tests used in the identification of spermatozoa or constitue...