background: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has been emerged as a nosocomial and community acquired pathogen worldwide. there are many challenges for laboratory detection of mrsa. the aim of this study was to compare different phenotypic methods with pcr based method as a gold standard for detection of meca gene. methods: a total of 220 clinical isolates of s. aureus which we...

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen in human that can be the cause of a wide range of infectious diseases including bacteremia, pneumonia, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections. The coagulase enzyme is one of the most important virulence factors of this bacterium. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) Coa...

background and objective: streptococcosis/lactococcosis is the cause of high morbidity and mortality in aquaculture sector and to date a number of species of streptococcus and lactococcus genera including s. iniae, s. agalactiae, s. dysagalactiae, s. parauberis, s. feacalis, l. garvieae and l. lactis have been discriminated as the cause of disease in aquatic animals. despite the use of diagnost...

Most plants encounter stress such as drought and salinity that adversely affect growth, development and crop productivity. The expression of the gene glutathione-s-transferases (GST) extends throughout various protective mechanisms in plants and allows them to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. GSTF1 (the first phi GSTFs class) gene expression patterns in the wheat cultivars Mahuti ...

This article comments on: Richard MSM, Gratias A, Alvarez Diaz JC, Thareau V, Pflieger S, Meziadi C, Blanchet Marande W, Bitochi E, Papa R, Miklas PN, Geffroy V. 2021. A common bean truncated CRINKLY4 kinase controls gene-for-gene resistance to the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 3569–3581.

bacground: wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by toxic accumulation of copper in liver and brain. the disorder is caused by mutations in the atp7b gene, encoding a copper transporting p-type atpase. characterization of the spectrum of mutations in this gene is important both for diagnosis and genetic counseling of the families.materials and methods: we en...

results cloning and subcloning of the flic gene were confirmed by colony pcr, restriction enzymes digestion and dna sequencing of the recombinant plasmids pprime-flic and pvax-flic. the expression of flagellin protein in eukaryotic cells was approved by immunofluorescence assay (ifa), western blotting analysis and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method. conclusions t...

background and objectives: the development of molecular biological techniques provide a method for direct detection and identification of pathogens. this study attempted to compare bacterial culture and pcr to detect s. agalactiae in cattle milk samples. the pcr method was based on using primers v1 and v2 derived from the 16s rrna gene. materials and methods: one hundred milk samples were colle...