identification  of clinically  significant  nocardia  species  is essential  for the definitive diagnosis, predict antimicrobial susceptibility, epidemiological purposes,  and  for  an  effective  treatment.   conventional   identification   of nocardia species in routine medical laboratories which is based on phenotypic (cellular morphology, colonial characteristics), biochemical and enzymatic...

Convergent evidence suggests that the basal ganglia support reinforcement learning by adjusting action values according to reward prediction errors. However, adaptive behavior in stochastic environments requires the consideration of uncertainty to dynamically adjust the learning rate. We consider how cholinergic tonically active interneurons (TANs) may endow the striatum with such a mechanism i...

Many theories of cerebellar function assume that long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber (PF) synapses enables Purkinje cells to learn to recognize PF activity patterns. We have studied the LTD-based recognition of PF patterns in a biophysically realistic Purkinje-cell model. With simple-spike firing as observed in vivo, the presentation of a pattern resulted in a burst of spikes followed ...

Filled pauses have important and varied functions in turntaking behavior, and better understanding of this relationship opens new ways for improving the quality and naturalness of dialogue systems. We use a corpus of collaborative task oriented dialogues to provide new insights into the relationship between filled pauses and turn-taking based on temporal and acoustic features. We then explore w...

This study tests the hypothesis that three common types of disfluency (fillers, silent pauses, and repeated words) reflect variance in what strategies are available to the production system for responding to difficulty in language production. Participants' speech in a storytelling paradigm was coded for the three disfluency types. Repeats occurred most often when difficult material was already ...

Fluency is an important yet difficult-to-measure criterion in interpreting assessment. This empirical study of English-Chinese consecutive aims to identify fluency parameters for a machine-learning-based automated assessment system. The main findings include: (a) evidence supports the choice median values as cut-offs unfilled pauses and articulation rate; (b) it informs selection outliers parti...

This study is proposed to analyze conversation analysis, especially for turn-taking strategy in a video of Actors on Conversation by Variety featuring Zendaya and Andrew Garfield. used qualitative method with Stenstrom’s framework the conversation. The process analysis consists four steps; streaming Variety’s Garfield, transcribing conversation, classifying data, interpreting data. result this ...

This paper presents a large-scale study of silent pause duration, based on the analysis of ca. 6000 pauses in 5 1⁄2 hours of read and spontaneous speech in five languages. The distribution of pauses appears as trimodal, suggesting a categorization in brief (< 200 ms), medium (200-1000 ms) and long (> 1000 ms) pauses, the latter occurring only in spontaneous speech. The study reveals possible me...

Temporal variables were detailed and compared in a text read by ten French subjects with mild to moderate Parkinson disease (PDS’s) and ten French healthy control subjects (CS’s). Longer total pause times were found for PDS’s, correlated to higher numbers of pauses and longer mean pause duration. The typical relationship observed between the distributional scheme of pauses and syntactic structu...

The paper focuses on silent pauses observed in the productions of subjects involved in simultaneous interpreting tasks. Four bilingual subjects with various degrees of expertise in interpreting and various degrees of mastery of the languages involved (French and Spanish) have been recorded while interpreting utterances of French and Spanish talks. The source discourses had been perturbated by c...