Complete cell reprogramming can be achieved by the introduction of specific transcription factors, Oct4 [also known as POU class 5 homeobox 1 (Pou5f1)]; sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (Sox2); Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4); and myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc), into terminally differentiated mouse somatic fibroblasts. This reprogramming process may be accelerated or suppresse...

Despite the great potential of stem cells for basic research and clinical applications, obstacles - such as their scarce availability and difficulty in controlling their fate - need to be addressed to fully realize their potential. Recent achievements of cellular reprogramming have enabled the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or other lineage-committed cells from more access...

Wireless reprogramming of sensor nodes is an essential requirement for long-lived networks since the software functionality changes over time. The amount of information that needs to be wirelessly transmitted during reprogramming should be minimized since reprogramming time and energy depend chiefly on the amount of radio transmissions. In this paper, we present a multihop incremental reprogram...

Selective methylation of CpG islands at imprinting control regions (ICR) determines the monoparental expression of a subset of genes. Currently, it is unclear whether artificial reprogramming induced by the expression of Yamanaka factors disrupts these marks and whether cell type of origin affects the dynamics of reprogramming. In this study, spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) that harbor paternal...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Duct cells isolated from adult human pancreas can be reprogrammed to express islet beta cell genes by adenoviral transduction of the developmental transcription factor neurogenin3 (Ngn3). In this study we aimed to fully characterize the extent of this reprogramming and intended to improve it. METHODS The extent of the Ngn3-mediated duct-to-endocrine cell reprogramming was meas...

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a valuable model for regenerative medicine and human disease research. To date, however, the reprogramming efficiency of human adult cells is still low. Recent studies have revealed that cell cycle is a key parameter driving epigenetic reprogramming to pluripotency. As is well known, retroviruses such as the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoM...

Reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent cells promises to transform regenerative medicine. Recently many groups have achieved direct reprogramming of somatic cells by forced expression of defined factors using multiple viral vectors. However, such induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells contain a number of viral vector integrations, any one of which could cause unpredictable genetic dysfunct...

Patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells not only provide a promising tool for cellular disease models in general, but also open up the opportunity to establish cell-type-specific systems for personalized medicine. One of the crucial prerequisites for these strategies, however, is a fast and efficient reprogramming strategy from easy accessible somatic cell populations. Kera...

Somatic cells have been reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells by introducing a combination of several transcription factors, such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from a patient's somatic cells could be a useful source for drug discovery and cell transplantation therapies. However, most human iPS cells are made by viral vectors, such as retrovirus and len...

Genomic and functional alterations of enzymatic activity drive cancer metabolic reprogramming along with mutations tumor suppressors oncogenes [...]