Background: Radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like phantom developed to date.Objective: The aim of this study is an investigating of percentage depth dose enhancement within the gel medium with used of conformal distribution gold nanoparticle as contrast agents by high atomic number material.Methods: In this work t...

  Introduction: The study of the cause of death during the last few decades has shown that death due to infectious diseases has been declining and has been rising due to noninvasive diseases, especially cancers and accidents. Cancer is considered as one of the fatal diseases, and every year, more than 10.9 million people worldwide are diagnosed with the disease. Mater...

sodium iodide-131 is administrated for treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. iodine-131 has multiple routs of excretion (urine, saliva, sweat, milk, feces, exhalation) from the body. patients receiving sodium iodide-131 therapy exposes other persons and the environment to unwanted radiation and contamination. the major source of radiation dose from administration of iodine-131 is ext...

background: radiation therapy  uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. photoneutron contamination and induced radioactivity of high energy therapeutic photon beams are considered as the main source of occupational exposure to radiation therapists who works with linear accelerators operating above 10 mv. materials and methods: the gamma dose rates were measured after termination of diff...

patients receiving diagnostic doses of radiopharmaceuticals become a source of contamination and exposure for those who come in contact with them, such as nuclear medicine technologists, relatives and nurses. therefore, the measurement of external radiation dose from these patients is necessary. in this study, the dose rates at distances of 10, 50 and 100cm from 70 patients who received diagnos...

Background: In neutron interaction with matter and reduction of neutron energy due to multiple scatterings to the thermal energy range, increasing the probability of thermal neutron capture by neutron captures makes dose enhancement in the tumors loaded with these materials. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate dose distribution in the presence of 10B, 157Gd and 33S neutron...

Purpose To report a case of optic neuropathy and retinopathy from a dose of radiation traditionally thought to be safe to the visual system and discuss strategies for preventing vision loss when using radiation to treat intraocular tumors. Observations A 44-year-old woman presented with new, painless vision loss in the left eye eighteen months after receiving proton beam radiotherapy (20 Gy d...

the hematopoietic syndrome is anticipated when a dose of radiation greater than 100 cgy is received. the resulting clinical situation is life-threatening because of opportunistic infections and gradual decline in immune competency due to irradiation. because of evidence of a possible immunomodulatory role for cimetidine, an antagonist of histamine h2 receptors, we studied the effects of this dr...

Established tumors are typified by an immunosuppresive microenvironment. Countering this naturally occurring phenomenon, emerging evidence suggests that radiation promotes a proimmunogenic milieu within the tumor capable of stimulating host cancer-specific immune responses. Three cryptic immunogenic components of cytotoxic-agent induced cell death-namely, calreticulin cell surface exposure, the...

Abstract Lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films have been successfully investigated as X-ray imaging detectors based on optical reading of visible photoluminescence emitted by stable radiation-induced F 2 3 + colour centres. In this work, the response optically-transparent LiF film three different thicknesses, grown thermal evaporation Si(100) substrates irradiated with monochromatic 7 ...