Designer nucleases are broadly applied to induce site-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in genomic DNA. These are repaired by nonhomologous end joining leading to insertions or deletions (in/dels) at the respective DNA-locus. To detect in/del mutations, the heteroduplex based T7-endonuclease I -assay is widely used. However, it only provides semi-quantitative evidence regarding the number...

An experimental technique for in situ and real-time monitoring of mechanochemical reactions in a shaker ball mill was recently described, which utilises highly penetrating X-ray radiation available at the ID15B beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Herein, we describe the first attempts to perform such reaction monitoring in a quantitative fashion, by introducing an internal ...

A method for the rapid modification under mild conditions of carboxyl groups in proteins has been developed. The method involves the activation of the carboxyl group by a water-soluble carbodiimide and the subsequent reaction of the activated carboxyl group with a nucleophile such as glycine methyl ester. The kinetics of the reaction indicates that there are limits to the variation of carbodiim...

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to find out whether percutaneous biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma will cause significant dissemination of tumor into the circulation by quantitative analysis of circulating tumor DNA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this prospective study of 32 patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent sonographically guided liver biopsy, a peripheral venous blood samp...

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the current "golden standard" for quantification of nucleic acids; however, its utility is constrained by an inability to easily and reliably detect multiple targets in a single reaction. We have successfully overcome this problem with a novel combination of two widely used approaches: target-specific multiplex amplification with 15 cycles of polymerase...

This paper describes a method for quantitative spot test analysis of hydrochlorothiazide using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The reflectance measurements were performed analyzing the colored compound (l = 585 nm) produced from the reaction between hydrochlorothiazide and pdimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (PDAC) in acid medium. This reaction occurred on filter paper after heating to 80oC for 8 mi...

We have developed a quantitative histochemical assay for measurement of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in single motoneurons. A computer image processing system was used to quantify the histochemical enzyme reaction product and to follow the time course of the reaction. The optimal concentration for each of the ingredients of the incubation medium for the SDH reaction was determined and...

Ligand-free, efficient, palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction between methyl α-fluoroacrylate and arene or hetarene iodides is reported for the first time. The reaction is stereospecific and provides fair to quantitative yields of fluoroalkenes. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction starting from more hindered and usually reluctant trisubstituted acrylate, to access tetrasubstituted fluoroalkenes, is...

A convenient and environmentally friendly protocol for the preparation of biaryls at room temperature under continuous flow conditions is reported. A simple reductive homo-coupling Ullmann-type reaction was performed in an H-Cube mini using commercially available supported Pd catalysts under mild reaction conditions, with quantitative conversion to target products. Commercial Pd catalysts were ...