This article presents a large-scale, systematic study of politically connected firms in China. It was conducted by compiling a database of all the publicly traded firms in China in 1993, 2002 and 2012 that codes the biographies of hundreds of thousands of board members. I find that there has been a significant increase in the percentage of firms that are connected with the national government i...

This paper seeks to account for the development of a public health education policy with respect to venereal disease during the period 1916-1926. Two competing pressure groups, the National Council for Combatting Venereal Disease and the Society for the Prevention of Venereal Disease, defended opposing programmes; the one based on moral education (NCCVD) and the other (SPVD) on medical prophyla...

The future of the international trading system under modern challenges is uncertain. surge protectionism, re-balancing power between nations, and a recent pandemic along with expanding digitalization demonstrate necessity rethinking global trade governance. paper aims to reveal key provide possible ways address them. Participants in debate indicated that protectionism inevitably remains policy,...