We propose two variable weighted iterative reconstruction algorithms (VW-ART and VW-OS-SART) to improve the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) and establish their convergence. In the two algorithms, the weighting varies with the geometrical direction of the ray. Experimental results with both numerical simulation and real CT data ...

abstract   earthquakes have been affected the human life since the dawn of time; however, the complexities of human societies and communications in the cities, intensify the deleterious effects of the earthquakes, that affect urban areas. hence, in emergency phase and reconstruction, attention to the basic needs and shelter provision are the most important activities but urban design also play ...

Coplanarity is a relationship of a set of points that exist on a single plane. Coplanarities can be easily observed in a scene with planer surfaces, and these types of coplanarities have been widely used for 3D reconstructions based on geometrical constraints. Other types of coplanarities that can be observed from images are those observed as cross sections of planes and scenes; for example, po...

Objective (s): Various iterative reconstruction algorithms in nuclear medicine have been introduced in the last three decades. For each new imaging system, it is wise to select appropriate image reconstruction algorithms and evaluate their performance. In this study, three approaches of image reconstruction were developed for a novel desktop open-gantry SPECT system, PERSPECT, to assess their p...

The popliteal fossa is a narrow intermuscular space posterior to the knee joint that is bounded by biceps femoris tendon proximolaterally, semimembranosus muscle proximomedially, and medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle distally. The popliteal artery is a continuation of the femoral artery. It begins at the opening (hiatus magnus) in the adductor magnus muscle and runs downward ...

background anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injury is the most common sports injury in both athletes and nonathletes; it can cause disability if not treated correctly. in cases with minor injuries, conservative treatments suffice. but, in cases with acl tear, surgery by different methods and autografts are indicated. the most prevalent method for acl reconstruction is the use of hamstring tendo...

reconstruction of breast with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (tram) flap is the standard for reconstruction of breast following mastectomy. in this article, authors report their experience with pedicled tram flap reconstruction of the breast. records for the patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with pedicled tram flap were retrieved. records of outpatient follow-ups were a...

this study was designed reevaluate the outcome of soft wall reconstruction technique for cwd mastoidectomy and to test the validity of anteriorly–based musculoperiosteal flap attachment without oblitrating the mastoid cavity for increasing graft viability. two methods of reconstruction were used. soft wall reconstruction method as described previously by smith et al, were performed on 35 patien...