We examine spillovers from agricultural estates to Malawian smallholders within an econometric counterfactual framework. consider economic such as income, well agrarian yields, harvests, and crop diversity. identify long-run effects of large investments on small-scale farmers. For the location estates, we use a novel OpenStreetMap dataset, while data smallholder’s stems household survey. provid...

Among the variety and diversity of pigeon houses, Multi-Tier Pigeon Houses (MTPHs) are distinguished from the functional and aesthetic point of view and are considered as a specific local architectural sights of Lenjanat. However, few studies have been conducted to study this type of pigeon house and these constructs have remained unknown. In this study we have conducted library and field studi...

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2021 at Gungal (around 43 km from Hyderabad) Research Farm of ICAR-Central Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India. The soil Sandy clay loam in texture, slightly acidic reaction, low organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and medium potassium. laid out a randomized complete block design with three treatment combinations viz., O...

Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii (S. fredii) is a rhizobial species exhibiting a remarkably broad nodulation host-range. Thus, S. fredii is able to effectively nodulate dozens of different legumes, including plants forming determinate nodules, such as the important crops soybean and cowpea, and plants forming indeterminate nodules, such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis and pigeon-pea. This capacity of ad...

Intercropping is a sustainable agroecological tool known to provide multiple benefits farmers. Several studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key role for the improved grain yields in intercropping systems through facilitative nutrient and water uptake via common network (CMN), yet little on rate of hyphal spread. Here we hypothesized AMF species differ extraradical hyp...

Kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria Fabricius (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), is an invasive exotic pest of soybeans that has been present in the southeastern United States since 2009 and has been rapidly spreading through soybean-producing states. Their primary reproductive hosts in the United States are soybean, kudzu, pigeon pea, black eye pea, lima bean, pinto bean, wisteria, white sweet clover, white...

The inhibitory potential of purified α amylase inhibitors of sorghum on the digestive enzyme of Tribolium Castaneum, a devastating insect pest of economic importance have been studied. Qualitative and quantitative differences in α amylase of Tribolium Castaneum upon feeding on natural and artificial diets were evident. Natural diets were legumes like Black gram, Pigeon Pea, Red lentil, Cowpea a...