more than 12,000 alkaloids are known in plants, mostly used as medicine with a world market value of about 4 billion us$. opium poppy, papaver somniferum, is the most important economic source of morphinane alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine that are exploited by the pharmaceutical industry as analgesics, antitussives and anti-spasmodics. with regard to incr...

BACKGROUND Radial artery bypass conduits are prone to early vasospasm or "string sign" with use of vasopressor therapy intraoperatively and postoperatively, causing increased resistance in coronary artery grafts. Current intraoperative treatment with papaverine fails to provide sustained inhibition of vasoconstriction. We tested the hypothesis that a 30-minute pretreatment of radial artery segm...

Phagocytosis of isolated outer segments by cultured rat pigment epithelium was decreased by cyclic 3',5'adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and three phosphodiesterase inhibitors (isobutylmethylxanthine, papaverine, and SQ 65442). Cyclic GMP and its dibutyryl derivative had little effect on phagocytosis. Phagocytosis was moderately reduced by several other purine nucleot...

OBJECT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist on esophageal and gastric smooth muscle reactivity in a rat hydrocephalus model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hydrocephalus was induced in rats by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. Two weeks after the procedure, memantine (20 mg/kg per day, 2 weeks) was given to rats with hydro...

Mesenteric ischemia after cardiac surgery is rare but dramatic. We present a patient who had acute mesenteric ischemia following low cardiac output after coronary artery bypass grafting. Our patient was successfully treated with continuous intra-arterial perfusion with papaverine. We think that selective angiography must be performed as early as mesenteric ischemia is suspected, to get earlier ...

A HPLC method for simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium and papaverine hydrochloride in tablets was developed and validated. The determination was performed with a Zorbax SB-C18 column, mobile phase: methanol-water (60:40, v/v), flow rate: 1 mL min(-1) and UV detection at 278 nm.

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that endothelium-related vasomotion is important in the control of coronary circulation. Our goal was to determine if endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary vasculature was altered with aging in 18 patients with atypical chest pain (age, 23-70 years) who had angiographically normal coronary arteries and no coronary risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been a serious clinical problem. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of selective intraarterial (IA) nimodipine treatment in a rabbit model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. METHODS Twenty-two adult New-Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighing 2500-3800 g were used for this study. Followi...

Two quinoline alkaloids, japonine (1) and eduline (2) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Orixa japonica as relaxants against rat small intestine muscle. The activity of these alkaloids was comparable to that of the typical muscle relaxant papaverine (4). This is also the first report of the isolation of eduline (2) from O. japonica.

Intracavernosal injection of papaverine and phentolamine was used in 20 patients with impotence. After six months 14 patients were still using the self-injection treatment. Two patients failed to respond and two patients developed priapism which responded to venesection and metaraminol injection.