Two groups of sterilized women, 3307 by phenol-atabrine-paste (PAP) instillation and 1026 by mini-lap technique, were follow-up interviewed to determine their relative effectiveness. PAP, if successfully performed, was as effective as the mini-lap. The life table pregnancy rates among successful PAP women were 0.21 and 0.28 at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The rates among the unsuccessful PAP...

Compartmentation of the eukaryotic cell requires a complex set of subcellular messages, including multiple retrograde signals from the chloroplast and mitochondria to the nucleus, to regulate gene expression. Here, we propose that one such signal is a phosphonucleotide (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate [PAP]), which accumulates in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to drought and high light (HL) ...

We have cloned human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) mRNA as cDNA in Escherichia coli. The primary structure of the mRNA was determined and compared to the bovine PAP mRNA sequence. The two sequences were 97% identical at the nucleotide level, which translated into 99% similarity at the amino acid level. Polypeptides representing recombinant PAP were expressed in E. coli, purified, and used as antigen...

The HIP/PAP (=human Reg-2) C-type lectin encoding gene is activated in primary liver cancers. In normal liver, the protein is undetectable in normal mature hepatocytes and found only in some ductular cells, representing potential hepatic progenitor cells. The aim of this study was to examine the consequences of human HIP/PAP expression in the liver of transgenic mice. We demonstrated that HIP/P...

CD73, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of extracellular AMP to adenosine that controls vascular permeability and immunosuppression. Also prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) possesses ecto-5'-nucleotidase/AMPase activity and is present in leukocytes. However, its role related to immune system is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed enzymatic activities and leukocyte subt...

A glycoprotein (GP) which is immunochemically and biologically related to human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) has been isolated from human seminal plasma by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by sequential concanavalin A:Sepharose 4B column, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified GP was shown to be homogeneous by disc- and sodium dodecyl sulfate: polyacrylamide g...

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Pap smears and HPV vaccinations allow for prevention, diagnosis and improved treatment for cervical cancer. Concerns have been raised about decreased Pap smear compliance due to misconceptions about the role of HPV vaccinations. This study aimed to assess the compliance of, the knowledge about and the barriers ...

The aim of this study was to compare direct visual inspection (DVI) with Pap smear in diagnosis of precancerous lesion of cervix. A total of 1500 women were screened cytologically as well as clinically with direct visual inspection of cervix after application of acetic acid (DVI). A total of 1500 women were screened cytologically as well as clinically with direct visual inspection of cervix aft...

Abiotic stress, such as drought and high salinity, activates a network of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of many stress-responsive genes in plants. The Arabidopsis FIERY1 (FRY1) protein is a negative regulator of stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and exhibits both an inositol polyphosphatase and a 3',5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity in vitro. The FRY1 nucleotidase de...

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) belongs to the family of type I ribosome‑inactivating proteins (RIPs): Ribotoxins, which function by depurinating the sarcin‑ricin loop of ribosomal RNA. In addition to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, PAP has shown promise in antiviral and targeted tumor therapy owing to its ability to depurinate viral RNA and eukaryotic rRNA. Several PAP genes are ...