In the world history, nineteenth century witnessed globally major economic, politic, and social changes. More importantly, their implications constitute today’s challenges particularly for modern Muslim-majority states where tension between state, religion society has not been settled. There is no doubt that looking at past separation sharī‘a state started clearly to appear serves a better unde...

[Review on the books: Kahraman, Şakul (2021). Kamaniçe kuşatması 1672. Istanbul, 112 p.; kahraman, şakul (2022). Çehrin 1678. 240 p.]

In the 17th century Fiľakovo was not only base for royal garrison, but at same time fort seat of three counties: Novohrad, Pest-Pilis-Solt and Heves Külső-Szolnok earlier fleeing before Ottomans. By common sense practical reason, we could believe that dependency on each other, mutual national interest patriotic solidarity would bring about cooperation between border soldiers nobility. The stark...

Conversion was an event that had social, political and economic dimensions besides being a religious fact for both Muslim Ottoman Empire Christian Venetian Republic. From social point of view, the diversion from existing traditions society peculiar rules shaped morality unacceptable situation societies states. However, mobility intense interactions between made conversion ordinary. two states e...