The commonly accepted manifestations of renal insufficiency are usually not recognized in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) until the fourth decade of life (1).However,manyADPKD patients with GFRs indistinguishable from normal are unable to increase the osmolality of urine above 800 mosm/kg H2O after overnight dehydration or after the parenteral administration o...

Hyperglycemia is a common problem in newborns undergoing intensive care, especially extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. There is a lack of consensus with regard to various aspects of management of neonatal hyperglycemia including definition, optimal management strategy as well as short and long term implications. We reviewed the current evidence in this regard. Recent studies suggest tha...

Acute ethylene glycol ingestion classically presents with high anion gap acidosis, elevated osmolar gap, altered mental status, and acute renal failure. However, chronic ingestion of ethylene glycol is a challenging diagnosis that can present as acute kidney injury with subtle physical findings and without the classic metabolic derangements. We present a case of chronic ethylene glycol ingestio...

We investigated atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in humans, measuring plasma immunoreactive (ir) ANF (in femtomoles per milliliter), and renal, hormonal, and hemodynamic responses to ANF infusion, in normal subjects (NL) and congestive heart failure patients (CHF). Plasma irANF was 11 +/- 0.9 fmol/ml in NL and 71 +/- 9.9 in CHF (P less than 0.01); the latter with twofold right ventricular increm...

Clinical features and laboratory tests that determine carbohydrate in faeces were evaluated to determine which was best able to distinguish between osmotic and secretory diarrhoea in infants and children. For this purpose 80 boys aged 3 to 24 months, with acute watery diarrhoea, were studied prospectively. The faecal osmolar gap (FOG) was calculated as: serum osmolarity-[2 x (faecal sodium + po...

An investigation was carried out in which microsamples of isolated rat liver mitochondria and freshly prepared mitoplasts in defined energy states were freeze-cleaved. Parallel microsamples were fixed with osmium tetroxide and with glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide as previously used in this laboratory for the preservation of energy-linked mitochondrial configurations. The details of ...

Loops of rat jejunum were perfused in vivo for one hour with de Jalon solutions of increasing glucose concentration. The esterolytic activity of the perfusate and of the extracted loop was measured using benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEe) as substrate. The enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase were measured in the perfusate to estimate the degree of cell...