Chronic orofacial pain occurs frequently in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and at the same time any pathological process involving orofacial area can be reflected in emotional interpretation of pain and can trigger a series of reactions associated with the PTSD group of symptoms in patients with PTSD. Painful stimuli caused in this way may occur after the primary cause cease...

Head and orofacial pain originates from dental, neurologic, musculoskeletal, otolaryngologic, vascular, metaplastic, or infectious disease. It is treated by many health care practitioners, such as dentists, oral surgeons, and physicians. The article focuses on the nonpathologic involvement of the musculoskeletal system as a source of head and orofacial pain. The areas of the musculoskeletal sys...

BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia is accompanied by severe mechanical, thermal and chemical hypersensitivity of the orofacial area innervated by neurons of trigeminal ganglion (TG). We examined the role of the voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.9 in the development of trigeminal neuralgia. RESULTS We found that Nav1.9 is required for the development of both thermal and mechanical hyperse...

effects of single versus repeated injection of botulinum toxin in orofacial formalin test in rats. Abstract Long-term effectiveness and repeated administration of botulinum toxin A are the basis for its use in both neuromuscular disorders and certain painful conditions. Botulinum toxin A has been recently approved for migraine treatment, and its off-label use extends to other craniofacial pain ...

in an analytical, cohort type study, medical and obstetrical complications of 500 pregnant women over age 35 were compared with 500 younger pregnant women during 3 past years (1994-1997). 7he incidence of complications were significantly increased in pregnant women over age 35 (p

neurologic and psychologic complications are usually related to drug toxicity, infections or symptoms induced by deterioration of renal allograft function. metabolic encephalopathy, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular events, and new-onset seizures have all been reported in organ-transplant recipients. infections can be caused by listeria, cryptococcus, nocardia, aspergillus and mucor....

Dear Editor, Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital anomalies of the head and neck and its incidence ranges from 1/500 to 1/2000 live births, depending on populations. Etiology of these anomalies is multifactorial and includes both environmental and genetic factors. Many teratogenic agents and factors in pregnancy are claimed to cause clefting, such as maternal smoking and hypoxia and ...

1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Dental Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3Programme in Experimental Medicine and Therapy, Doctoral School in Life and Health Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Section, Surgical Sciences Department, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin,...

RATIONALE Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. The most common clinical presentation is persistent swelling of the soft tissues in the oral and maxillofacial regions. The precise cause of OFG is unknown. Corticosteroids are the first-line and best treatment, but there is lack of uniform treatment prescription and standard. It...

BACKGROUND Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and isolated cleft palate (CP) are separate clinical entities and for both polygenic multifactorial aetiology has been proposed. Parents of children with orofacial clefting have been shown to have distinctive differences in their facial shape when compared to matched controls. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that genetic and morphomet...