One experiment with rats used Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tests to explore potential competitive interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental processes during instrumental learning. Two instrumental response-outcome relations (e.g., left lever - grain pellets, right lever - sucrose pellets) were first trained in distinct contexts for one group of rats (Group Differential) or in ...

Instrumental action can be controlled by two anatomically and functionally distinct systems: a goal-directed system that learns action-outcome associations and a habit system that learns stimulus-response associations without any link to the incentive value of the outcome. Recent evidence indicates that stress before learning modulates these two systems in favor of habitual control. Here, we ex...

a r t i c l e i n f o Purpose: This study aims to investigate how customer co-creation affects the performance of service innovation through the operant resources. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses survey methodology to examine a research model with six hypotheses. Data from 149 high-tech firms are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The dialogic co-creation affect...

To measure farmed foxes’ motivations for full, naturalistic social contact, we constructed an apparatus where they could perform an operant to access stimuli, but then leave freely and thence determine their own bout lengths. Motivational measures based on demand curves can be invalid in such set-ups, and we therefore sought to validate the measure ‘maximum price paid’. This was achieved by mea...

An experiment addressing several unresolved issues in operant in human subjects was performed. Cardiac-respiratory relationships. cardiac-somatic re!:atl~}nshipls. effects of biofeedback, and individual differences were examined in terms of their across multiple training sessions. Thirty subjects participated in 3 training sessions. Each session began with" trials HR change without feedback fol...

We solve the design spectrum problem for all theta graphs with 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 edges.

The effective management of pain is a longstanding public health concern. Morphine-like opioids have long been front-line analgesics, but produce undesirable side effects that can limit their application. Slow progress in the introduction of novel improved medications for pain management over the last 5 decades has prompted a call for innovative translational research, including new preclinical...

The experimental analysis of delay of reinforcement is considered from the perspective of three questions that seem basic not only to understanding delay of reinforcement, but, also, by implication, the contributions of temporal relations between events to operant behavior. The first question is whether effects of the temporal relation between responses and reinforcers can be isolated from othe...

Contingency management (CM) and the community reinforcement approach (CRA) are among the most effective psychosocial treatments for substance use disorders (SUD). This article briefly discusses these interventions and their outcomes, giving special emphasis to the underlying models of human behavior. We describe a theoretical perspective based on operant conditioning, and we review the literatu...