When cyclooxygenase (COX)-2–selective inhibitors (coxibs) first entered the market about 5 years ago, the major concern with regard to cardiovascular side effects related to their potential to increase blood pressure and cause salt and water retention, in a manner similar to conventional (nonselective) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the short time since, wariness about these s...

A 68-year-old man with a history of ulcer disease and mild renal insuffi ciency comes to your offi ce complaining of severe pain in his right foot. You note swelling and redness around the base of the big toe and diagnose acute gout. Wishing to avoid nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine because of the patient’s medical history, you wonder what you can safely prescribe f...

FOR PATIENTS WITH MUSCULOskeletal disorders, convent ional nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a mainstay of clinical care. Wellestablished limitations of NSAID therapy, however, include the risk of developing significant injury to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The annualized incidence rate of symptomatic GI ulcers and ulcer complications in NSAID users ranges from 2% to ...

Two studies suggest an increased risk of miscarriage after nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use during the first trimester of pregnancy. The NSAID exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy could also be related to an increased risk in congenital anomalies (specifically cardiac defects). However, this teratogenic potential remains uncertain. In practice, a benefit/risk evaluat...

Evidence-Based Answer Low-quality evidence shows that low-dose colchicine (up to 1.8 mg over one hour) is an effective therapy for acute gout. However, it has not been compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids in clinical trials. Concerns include high cost, drug-drug interactions, and potential toxicity. (Strength of Recommendation: B, based on inconsistent ...

Animal models of inflammation are used to assess the production inflammatory mediators at sites inflammation, processing pain sensation CNS sites, anti-inflammatory properties agents such as nonsteroidal drugs (NSAIDs), and efficacy putative analgesic compounds in reversing cutaneous hypersensitivity. Detailed this article methods elicit measure carrageenan- complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)–ind...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), both nonselective and cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors, are commonly used medications for the relief of acute and chronic pain associated with a wide range of medical conditions. Because of the extensive use of these agents, adverse events that occur infrequently may still affect the overall risk/benefit ratio of this class of medications. Seri...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity. Their effect is achieved by the reduction in synthesis of prostanoids. Inhibition of prostanoids is responsible for a substantial risk of adverse effects. The risk of side effects affecting the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys has long been known. The possibilities of blood pre...

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to relieve pain, reduce fever and inhibit inflammation. NSAIDs function mainly through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). Growing evidence suggests that NSAIDs also have immunomodulatory effects on T and B cells. Here we examined the effects of NSAIDs on the antigen presenting function of dendritic cells (DCs). METHODS ...

We recently cloned and characterized the rat kidney-specific organic anion transporter, OAT-K1, which was suggested to mediate renal tubular transport of methotrexate. In this study, we investigated the interactions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with OAT-K1 by evaluating the effects of these drugs on renal distribution of methotrexate in vivo, and on methotrexate accumulation...