Nitrite and nitrate are naturally occurring molecules in vegetables and also added to cured and processed meats to delay spoilage and pathogenic bacteria growth. Research over the past 15 years has led to a paradigm change in our ideas about health effects of both nitrite and nitrate. Whereas, historically nitrite and nitrate were considered harmful food additives and listed as probable human c...

OBJECTIVES To elucidate the association between genetic polymorphisms ofCYP2a6 andCYP2E1 and urothelial cancer susceptibility. METHODS A total of 137 Japanese patients with urothelial cancer and 217 Japanese healthy controls, frequency-matched for age and gender, were selected. The polymorphisms ofCYP2A6 andCYP2E1 were analyzed by PCR-RFLP, and cigarette smoking histories were obtained throug...

objective(s):green tea (gt) is one of the most popular beverages worldwide whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated. recent studies suggest that gt may contribute to reduction of cancer risk and progression. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole gt on urinary bladder chemical carcinogenesis in male and female icr mice. materials and methods: the gt characte...

The rates of elimination of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its fully deuterated analogue (N-nitrosodi[2H6]methylamine, [2H6]NDMA) were studied in vivo to explore the origins of the difference in their carcinogenicity. Male Fischer 344 rats, 7.5 weeks of age, were given nitrosamine bolus doses of 1.35 mumol/kg by tail vein injection and 2.02 or 4.05 mumol/kg by p.o. gavage. Animals were sacri...

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is associated with long-term deficits in cognitive and motor functions. Previous studies linked neurodevelopmental abnormalities to increased oxidative stress and white matter hypotrophy. However, similar effects occur with low-dose nitrosamine exposures, alcohol abuse correlates with cigarette smoking, and tobacco smoke contains tobacco-specif...

AIM Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated high rates of smoking among alcoholics, and neuroimaging studies have detected white matter atrophy and degeneration in both smokers and individuals with alcohol-related brain disease (ARBD). These findings suggest that tobacco smoke exposure may be a co-factor in ARBD. The present study examines the differential and additive effects of tobacco-specif...