Methadone maintenance has been the treatment of choice for heroin addiction for several years. The prenatal and early neonatal effects have been described in several reports (Kandall et al. 1979; Finnegan 1983). However, there have been few reports on the longterm effects of methadone maintenance during pregnancy on the child’s somatic and neurobehavioral development. Some investigators have de...

For some neurotoxic chemicals, neurobehavioral effects are now considered to be among the most sensitive end points yet detected, particularly if exposures occur during critical windows of vulnerability. Chemically induced problems with perception and cognitive ability in children can be hard to identify; teasing them out of a host of genetic and sociocultural influences is a difficult task. To...

This paper is the third in a three-part series describing an investigation of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neurobehavioral functioning of 384 children about 7 1/2 years old. Here we describe the use of Partial Least Squares for data reduction and analysis of 158 neurobehavioral measures as they relate to 13 aspects of prenatal alcohol exposure. A general alcohol latent variab...

Individual characteristics of human nature (e.g. introversion, extroversion, mood, activity, adaptability, aggressiveness, social ability, anxiety) do not need to be primarily innate. They can be determined by the action of various influences and their interactions on functional development of the brain. There is ample epidemiological and experimental evidence that chemical and/or physical fact...

OBJECTIVE To examine the neurobehavioral status of children with traumatic head injury (THI) and to identify variables that predict outcome. DESIGN Retrospective chart review, with follow-up 1-5 years after injury. Outcome predictor variables were identified through stepwise regression analysis. SETTING Level one trauma center and pediatric rehabilitation program. PATIENTS 71 Children wit...

stachys lavandulifolia is used as the herbal tea and its wide and potent medical effects have been reported for the extract in animal studies. this study aimed to find the safety profile of the extract to find the appropriate doses for further human studies. the aerial parts of the plant were air-dried and the hydroalcoholic extract was obtained and concentrated by percolation method with 140 m...

β-Cyfluthrin, is a broad-spectrum type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. People are exposed to cyfluthrin by consuming contaminated food and from residues persisting after indoor or outdoor applications of cyfluthrin containing products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurobehavioral toxicity of cyfluthrin after oral administration to Swiss albino mice. Male weanlings (21 days old...

Neurotoxic effects of a chemical or combination of chemicals can be observed at various levels of organization of the nervous system, including anatomical, physiological, macromolecular or behavioural. Neurobehavioral effects include adverse changes in somatic/autonomic, sensory, motor and/or cognitive function which can be reversible or irreversible. Observational and locomotor tests to assess...