BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A matricellular protein tenascin-C is implicated in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study first evaluated the role of another matricellular protein periostin and the relationships with tenascin-C in post-SAH early brain injury. METHODS Wild-type (n=226) and tenascin-C knockout (n=9) C57BL/6 male adult mice underwent sham or fila...

Progress in understanding brain/behavior relationships in adult-acquired dysprosody has led to models of cortical hemispheric representation of prosodic processing based on functional (linguistic vs affective) or physical (timing vs pitch) parameters. These explanatory perspectives have not been reconciled, and also a number of neurobehavior syndromes that include dysprosody among their neurolo...

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of celastrol, a natural compound with multiple bioactivities, on multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis (ON) in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Sprague Dawley rats using myelin basic protein, and the animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of celastrol or vehicle for 13 days. The EAE rats showed abnorm...

Background: The mechanisms underlying the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unclear. TBI initiates a neuroinflammatory cascade characterized by activation of microglia and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we attempted to ascertain whether the occurrence of neuroinflammation exhibited during TBI can be reduc...

Growth hormone (GH) therapy is associated with improved neurobehavior, leading to the question whether GH crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from blood after its release there from the pituitary, or whether GH exerts CNS effects by secondary mediators, particularly insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. GH release from the pituitary is controlled not only by hypothalamic factors, but also by gh...

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct physical damage and the generation of local factors contributing to secondary pathogenesis. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was used to uncover metabolic changes and to identify relationships between metabolites and neurobehavioral functions in the spinal cord after injury in rats. In the early metabolic phase, neuronal signaling, stress, an...

Small and detrimental, albeit inconsistent, effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) during early childhood have been reported. The teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol (PAE) and tobacco exposure (PTE) on neurobehavior are more firmly established than PCE. We tested if co-exposure to all three drugs could be related to greater differences in brain structure than exposure to cocaine alone. ...

Studies indicate that perinatal opioid exposure produces a variety of short- and long-term neurobehavioral consequences. However, the precise modes of action are incompletely understood. Buprenorphine, a mixed agonist/antagonist at the opioid receptors, is currently being used in clinical trials for managing pregnant opioid addicts. This study provides evidence of depression-like consequence fo...

BACKGROUND Prenatal mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with adverse child neurobehavioral outcomes. Because Hg can interfere with placental functioning and cross the placenta to target the fetal brain, prenatal Hg exposure can inhibit fetal growth and development directly and indirectly. OBJECTIVES We examined potential associations between prenatal Hg exposure assessed through infant toenai...