The nerve agents soman, sarin, VX, and tabun are deadly organophosphorus (OP) compounds chemically related to OP insecticides. Most of their acute toxicity results from the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The limitations of available therapies against OP poisoning are well recognized, and more effective anti...

The vascular targeting agent ZD6126 is a water-soluble prodrug of N-acetylcolchinol that acts by disrupting the cytoskeleton of tumor endothelial cells. It is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in man. As peripheral neuropathy is a major dose-limiting toxicity associated with tubulin binding agents, the neurotoxic potential of ZD6126 was investigated in male and female Wistar rats. ZD6126...

An innovative chromogenic sensing concept based on decomplexation of a tris-(bipyridine)iron(II) coordination complex has been developed for the detection of organophosphorus nerve agents. It was evaluated both on a simulant and real Sarin in vapour and liquid phases.

A novel gas sensor consisting of porous, non-stacked reduced graphene oxide (NSrGO)-heaxfluorohydoroxypropanyl benzene (HFHPB) nanosheets was successfully fabricated, allowing the detection of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), similar to sarin toxic gas. The HFHPB group was chemically grafted to the NSrGO via a diazotization reaction to produce NSrGO-HFHPB. The NSrGO-HFHPB 3D film has a mesop...

A chemical receptor specific to traces of organophosphorus nerve agents (OPs) has been synthesized and grafted to carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires in order to make electrical sensors. Our results show that it is possible to detect efficiently sub-ppm traces of OPs with excellent selectivity notably with the use of silicon nanowires by monitoring the Drain-Source current of the SiNW-FET at...

U NILATERAL diaphragm paralysis after interscalene nerve block can result in respiratory disturbances that may have a substantial impact on quality of life and increased prevalence of respiratory infections. Several reports have estimated the incidence of transient diaphragm paralysis after routine interscalene blocks for shoulder surgery to be 100%, 3 however, with modified local anesthetic do...

The enzyme group-VIIA phospholipase A2 (gVIIA-PLA2) is bound to lipoproteins in human blood and hydrolyzes the ester bond at the sn-2 position of phospholipid substrates with a short sn-2 chain. The enzyme belongs to a serine hydrolase superfamily of enzymes, which react with organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. OPs ultimately exert their toxicity by inhibiting human acetycholinesterase at nerve...

Nerve tissue damage as a result of surgical injury is common negative outcome during many interventions. Depending on the site and amount cellular damage, nerve may potentially have life altering effect patient. Post-surgical pain often chronic problem which persists long after injuries healed, can severely infringe upon quality for individuals. Surgery that fluorescence guided will aid in visu...

Nerve conduction velocity has been studied in the ulnar nerve of human subjects before and during anaesthesia. No significant changes in velocity were observed following the administration of thiopentone, nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane in normal clinical quantities. A transient increase in nerve conduction velocity was noted following the administration of paralytic doses of gallamine trie...